america

  • 13th amendment

    Abolishes slavery across the US, legally freeing all enslaved people.
  • civil rights act

    Grants citizenship and equal rights to Black Americans; counters restrictive Black Codes in the South.
  • 14th amendment

    Guarantees citizenship and equal protection under the law to all born or naturalized in the US.
  • literacy tests

    mississippi introduces poll taxes and literacy tests african americans are less educated making this harder for them
  • atlanta compromise

    A speech by Booker T. Washington that proposed a compromise where African Americans would focus on vocational education and economic self-sufficiency instead of demanding social equality and political rights.
  • plessy v ferguson

    Supreme Court legalizes “separate but equal,” establishing a legal basis for racial segregation.
  • William vs Mississippi

    Challenged Mississippi’s voting laws, including poll taxes and literacy tests, which effectively disenfranchised Black voters. Supreme Court upheld Mississippi’s laws. The Court ruled that the laws were race-neutral on paper, even though they were designed to suppress Black voters.
  • Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education

    African American parents challenged the closure of a Black high school while a white school remained open in Richmond County, Georgia. as they were only funding white schools not black
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    springfield race riots

    A mob of approximately 5,000 white Americans and European immigrants attacked African Americans in response to the arrest of two Black men on rape and murder charges, which led to the destruction of Black homes and businesses and the murder of several people.
  • NAACP

    Establishes organization to fight racial discrimination and lynching.
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    east st louis riots

    White mobs attack Black residents; hundreds killed, showing racial tensions in the North.
  • red summer

    Series of racial riots in US cities; exact dates vary by city.
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    tusla race massacre

    White mobs destroy Black Greenwood District, killing hundreds and leaving thousands homeless.
  • wall street crash

    16 million shares. were sold on the stock market. in Wall Street and the economy collapsed completely. By 1930, America was in the Great Depression.
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    new deal

    Relief programs often discriminate; Black Americans face exclusion from some jobs and most benefits.
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    detriot

    Riot highlights racial tensions in Northern cities due to migration and job competition.