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Johanes Gutenberg invents the printing press with the first book he prints being the Gutenberg bible. This leads to a major increase in literacy and leads to weakening in trust with the church. -
Capture of Constantinople by the Ottomans removing it from Byzantine control. Major trade city with high political and economic benefits. -
118 year period starting with the war of roses. Important events during this time: English reformation, defeat of the Spanish armada, the flourishing of the English renaissance, and England's growing prominence as a world power.
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Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella issue decree that all Jews must convert to Catholicism or leave Spain. -
Emirate of Granada surrenders to Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. Paved way for the expulsion of Jews from Spain -
Christopher Columbus sponsored by the Spanish monarchs sailed westward on the Atlantic to try to find a new route to Asia. He ends up discovering the Americas. -
Painting took 4 years and depicted nine scenes from genesis. -
Posted 95 theses on a church door directly criticizing and apposing church authority. Complaints about faults from the church. -
Martin Luther is called to an imperial assembly where a representative of the church implores him to recant. Luther refuses and claims he is acting by gods will through his conscience. Result: Martin Luther declared a heretic and an outlaw. -
Niccolo Machiavelli publishes his guide to rulers and princes and how to stay in power. Controversial for its bare and straightforward approach that can be seen as immoral. -
Declares that Henry viii is the leader of the new Anglican church and opposes the pope. He did this to accept his own request for divorce. -
Heliocentric model means centered around the sun. part of scientific revolution. heavily opposed by the church because of disagreement with established official doctrine. -
Catholic's means of reforming. A council developed to reform and change the church to try to retain the catholic population and prevent conversion to Protestantism.
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Cuius Regio, Eius Religio. Who's religion, his religion
rulers of each territory can choose the accepted religion of their subjects. Gave rights to subjects who disagree with their lords seizure or selling of property. -
Mob violence against french protestants. 5,000-30,000. Huguenot leader, Admiral Gaspard de Coligny. -
Eighth and final war of the French Wars of religion. Between Henry iii of France, Henry of Navarre, and Henry i, Duke of Guise.
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English decisive victory resulting in the loss of 44 Spanish ships and 10,000-20,000 men. -
Results in the religious freedom of protestants. End the French Wars of Religion.