-
Gutenberg created a printing press in Germany in 1450. It increased litceracy rates everywhere, started the spread of propoganda, and helped spread humanist ideas. -
Constantinople was betrayed by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and was killed in battle. This ended the Byzantine Empire. -
This dynasty created several powerful rulers like Henery the eighth and Elizabeth the first. This least o England breaking off from the church and then going back. This also lead to reforms of the church.
-
This was a sposered voyage to explore new trade routes but with mistakes landed latin America. This lead to a series a new exploration to the new world. -
The Gradnada kingdom surrendered to Spain. This was the last powerful Mulsim community. -
This was a degree made by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain; expelling all the Muslims and Jews. The the decree gave them a set amount of time to pack up and leave if they didn't they they would be tortured and forced to convert. -
Michelangelo completed this iconic 16th century painting after four years of work. This was comssioned by the pope. -
Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses launching the protestant Refromation. -
Martin Luther post his 95 Thesis critzing the Catholic church. He critzed indulgences, suicide, and that scripture plus faith is the only thing that will give people salvation. He present this in German which also tested the church. -
He was summoned to Rome to recant against his teachings and writings. This was unless he was proven wrong by scripture and he wasn't so he was let go but, his life was now in danger. -
Machiavelli publishes a book called the prince this book stated you can do the wrong things for the right reasons and the royalty should stay in the public favor. -
Henry 8th want to divorce his wife and marry his mistress however, the pope wouldn't let him. Hence Henry excommunicated the pope and created his own church called the Anglican church (The English Chucrch) -
Copernicus publishes a book called On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spaces. In this book he places the sun in the center of the solar system in a dygram. This changelled the Cathlic Church and this book was banned until 1835. -
This was created to counter the Prorestant Refromation. It was just a rebranding optunity for the catholic church and reattract members.
-
This was a treaty signed within the Holy Roman Empire to create peace between the Catholics and Lutherans/Protestants. This gave all the princes the choice to choose the religion of their controlled region. -
This was a massacre that took place on St.Bartholomew's. This massacre took place because Kathrine Medicci the regionate order a mass killing of Calivisnt in France. Because if France you could only be catholic -
This was a war between Spain, France, and England. All three kings were named of Henry it was a fight over the french throne. 2 of the Henrys were Catholic and didn't want the protestant Henrry to inheriate the throne. The french king Henry emerged at the new king after the Spanish and English Henrys both died.
-
This was a crucial victory for England agianst Spain. Spain sent huge fleets of armies and ships to invade England however under Elizabeth the first rule they defeated Spain/Philip the 2nd. -
This was a degree made by the fourth king Henry of France. This granted rights to the french protestants in a attempt o make peace in France after lot of previous religious conflict. -
This was the start of Thirty years war. This when Protestant nobles threw two Catholic Imperial governors out of a window at Prague Castle. -
The last war about religion and this was the that broke the Holy Roman apart. This was between the protestants and Roman Catholics however, did have a power aspect to it. Elizabeth of England a Catholic supported the protestants to help depower philip the 2nd.
-
Bohemain
Dutch
Sweedish
franco-swedish -
The war between King Charles the 1st (Royalist) and Oliver Cromwell (Parliamentarians). Oliver eventually won which lead to England getting a parilement and excuting Charles the 1st.
-
This was the treaty that ended the thirty years war and it gave rules the ablity to determine relgion over the people. -
Known as the sun king he had a huge army and was also know for his huge taxes on the third estate. He basically befriended the nobility and left the country financially burden by all the wars and his new huge palace. This king also revoked the little religious freedom the french had.
-
This was a revolution that took place in England and started with the overthrowing of James the 2nd and replaced by William 3rd and Mary the 2nd. These two people came to the throne because they were invited by Parilment. This resulted in England having the major political shift with going from a absolutist monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. -
This bill limited the power of the monarch and gave a lot more power to the people/parilment. -
This was Locke's Two treaties published philosophies books. The first one mostly focus on limited Goverment and all the ways it should limited in order to keep people's rights. The sencond one was more about the social Treaties and how people should all agree on things in society in order to keep the peace. -
This is the treaty that ends the war of Spanish Succession.This treaty establishes that France and Spain will stay separated. And by default Great Britain gains much more teritory. -
Sole ruler of Austria, she had 16 children her most famous is Marie Antoinette whom married into the French dynasty. Also during Maria's rule the war of Austrian succession. This was were Loius 15th tried to take over part of the Habsburgs land and it resulted in a war. Overall, France lost money and it weakend Habsburg power.
-
Diderot wrote the Encyclopedia to support his enlightenment ideals. One enlightenment idea was that people should try to be as educated as possible to live to the most potential. Diderot actaully wrote his books in the palace of Cathrine the Great who was a partially an Enlightened monarch.
-
This was the era where Great Britain transforemed in a factory filled land. The railroad system was also booming at this time. Both of these factors result in a lot of urbanization.
-
Cathrine was an absolutist monarch with some enlightenment ideals for Russia. She was very close friends with Voltaire and even invited Diderot to come work on the Encyclopedia at her palace. She is also well know for bring Russia into the Golden age. During this time built up the milltary and expanded Russia's borders while also preserving Russain culture such as serfdom.
-
This was a war focus on world domination. The four countries that were involed in this war were Great Britain, France, Austria, Russia, and Spain.This war ended with the treaty of Paris. This eventaully led to the Americain revolution.
-
This was one of Russia largest uprising and it was from the lowest class. The serfs where very unhappy with the way they were being treated sio in response they revolted. This resulted in the rebellion being squashed and increased serfdom and more restrictions of the serfs freedom.
-
This is when America gained independence from England. This revolution was inspired by enlightenment ideology. Overall influenceing the Americains to have a very limited Goverment giving lots of personal freedom and a lot less inequality. As a result of this revolution it inspired the french revolution. -
This book was a book all about the economy and the free market. This book also explained how improve the economy and make it grow. -
The national Assembly's was the peasents that rose of in the french revolution and they drew up this declaration of rights to demand. -
The third estate was was inspired the Americain revolution. In addition the third estate was not being represented in the states general, they were being heavily taxed and going through a huge famine. All these things combine with lots of propaganda and evidence of King Louis and Marie Atonienette living lavaishly it added rage to the peasents idea of rebellion. -
This happened on july 14th and it is when the national Assembly invaded a midevil castle that was being used as a prison. They ended getting arms and freeing a few prisoners. -
Hati was once a french colony but starting in 1791 there was a huge Slavery revolt and in 1804 they gained the Hatians gains full independence.
-
Reing of Terror was led by Robespierre and the committee of Public safety. This entailed the mass execution of clergy, aristocrats and the king and queen of France. -
Napoleon overthrows the directory and comes to to be an emperor of France. it was the coup of 18 brumaire that brought him to power. He put an to the french revolution and instability in france. Napoleon had lot s of enlightenment Vaules but was also an absolutist monarch. He modernized France but also caused great suffering by all the wars he was involved in. -
Napoleon crowns himself as emperor which is where he showed a lot more of his absolutist behavoirs -
After Protestant Reformation and Thirty Years' War the holy Roman empire was weakened and after severe pressure form Napoleon Fracis the 2 renounce his throne leading to the fall of the Empire. -
This was one of the wars that Napoleon lost. He lost this one to the Duke of Welliongton. This ended Napoleons wars and reing -
This was soon after Napoleons defeat and the goal was redraw the map of Europe and havwe balence of power. This was led by Prince Metternich -
A international conference held to redraw the Europe borders and re-establish balence of power after the Napoleonic Wars. This was led by Austria and involved Britain, Russia, Prussia, and France as well. -
The post-Napoleonic era dominated by Austrian Chancellor Klemens von Metternich. This focused on suppressing nationalism, anti-revolutionary ideas, suppressing liberisam, and restoring monarchies.
-
When tens of thousands of English citizens peacefully marched in order to reform Parliament and voting rights. 10-20 people were killed and more than 500 people were injured. -
Laws that were passed by the German Confederation in order to stop the rights of free press and student movements. -
Napoleon Dies of illness and older age on a island he was banished to after he tried to return to France for the second time -
Revolts that failed and took place in St. Peter's burg Russia led by noblemen. The goal was to abolish serfdom, overturn the monarchy, and start a constitution. But, because the poor coordination the noblemen were crushed by government force. -
This revolution was successful in the fact that the people were able to overthrow King Chareles X of the house of Bourbon leading to the end of the Bourbon restoration. Louis-Philippe becomes the "Citizen King" -
A Series of liberal uprisings against dictator, monarch, conservatism rule. Frances was successful with the July revolution. This in turn inspired the Belgium people to revolt leading to independence from the Dutch. This left the Belgium people with a new constitutional kingdom. -
This act was passed in order to reform British voting rights for men. And expand rights for all the middle class men of England. -
All across Europe there was great economic depression and famine. Due to this revolutions started all across Europe first in Italy, then France in February, and Germany in March. These were in spired by liberal, nationalist, and socialist, ideas. Most of the revolutions failed. Metternich was removed of March 31st. Marx and Engles published the Communist Manifestio. -
Russia wages war on the Concert of Europe. They say they want to protect Orthodox Chirstains within the Otto man empire but, they also want to have access to warm water ports. This fores the concert of Eupore to break down but they still won the war. This was also the first modern war and involved photographs.
-
The Franco-Austrian War also know as the Second Italian War of Independence occure when France and Sardinia-Piedmont defeated the Austrian Empire. This ultimately led to the acceleration of the unification of the Italian states -
The Second Industrial Revolution included a great increase of Railways and telegraphs. This allowed much more travel and better communication. Which then resulted in a huge wave of colonization and imperialism, especially Africa.
-
The unification of Italy was led by the Cavour and the Garibaldi. This involved revolts against the Austrians. Also some inspiration from the French Revolution and then aid from the French in the fighting against Austria in the Franco Austrian war. -
The Emancipation reform was a way to abolish serfdom for over thousands of centers and ultimately attempt to give them more rights and modernize pressure. However it failed due to it leaving many servants in great debt. -
The Austro-Prussian War also known as a seven weeks war was a fight for control over control of the provinces of Schleswig and Holstein. Prussia Won the war leading to more unification of Germany and the abolishment of the presence of Austria in Prussia. -
The Franco Prussian War was led by Audubon Bismarck and was against the French ruler Napoleon the Third it ended in German unification under the rule of Kaiser Wilhelm the first.
-
This is a conference held in Berlin by Otto von Bismarck with other major powers across Europe. At this conference they discussed and revised political and territorial concerns with the Ottoman and Russian Empire. This conference also led to the Treaty of San Stefano being signed which in turn ended the Turkish Prussian War. -
This Alliance was formed by Otto von Bismarck and aimed to isolate France and also ensure support if France or Russia attacked. -
This was another Conference held in Berlin Organized by Bismarck to draw territory lines and ensure balance of power with colonization. This led to the grab of Africa. And ultimately resolved in 90% of the African continent being colonized by European powers.
-
This was the scandal of the year in France. It involved a Jewish French military Captain wrongfully being imprisoned and banished to Devil's Island as a form of anti-semitism from the government.