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Gutenberg invents the Gutenberg press Printing Press: A machine for printing text or pictures from type or plates. -
The day the Ottomans captured the city of Constantinople resulting in the fall of the Byzantine Empire. -
The Tudor Dynasty was a line in England that ruled as kings and queens for a long time.
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The Alhambra Decree was a royal order from the Spanish monarchs forcing Jews to convert or be expelled from the country. -
In 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed across the Atlantic and arrived in the Americas -
The Reconquista was a series of military operations (including the crusades) against Muslim areas culminating in the reign of Isabella of Spain and Ferdinand of Spain. -
Michelangelo was a Renaissance painter renown for his naturalistic painting style and impressive works such as the Sistine Chapel's ceiling. -
Martin Luther was the man who kick-started the protestant reformation with his 95 Theses. The 95 Theses is a book written by Martin Luther disputing the power and morality of the church. The protestant reformation was the challenging and attempted reformation of the Catholic Church, which would lead to the creation of the Protestant Church branch. -
The Diet of Worms was and assembly to discuss the stance of Luther and the Pope, ending in Luther being declared a heretic. -
The Prince was a book published by Machiavelli describing how one should act as a Prince. Creating the term Machiavellian. -
The Act of Supremacy was an English order that stated that Henry VIII was the supreme head of the church of England, splitting from the Catholic Church creating the Anglican Church. Henry VIII was King of England from between 1509-1547, known for having 6 wives and being extremely paranoid. The Anglican Church is the Church Henry VIII created containing a mix of Catholic and Protestant traditions. -
Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who formulated the first modern depiction of the Solar System. -
The Council of Trent was a council called for Catholic higher ups to discuss and formulate a series of reformations to combat the Protestant reformation.
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The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty with Charles the V of the Holy Roman Empire and German princes that stated that princes could choose between Lutheranism or Roman Catholic for their subjects. Known as "Cuius regio, eius religio" -
A series of assassinations and mobs against Calvinist Protestants by Catholics during the French Wars of Religion. Estimated 5,000-30,000 killed. -
The War of The Three Henrys was a war about royal succession between three different Henry's in France. Each Henry supported a different religious institution.
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The Spanish Armada were defeated by the Navy of England at the Battle of Gravelines, the remaining ships retreating back to Spain. -
The Edict of Nantes was an edict signed by Henry IV of France granting Calvinists rights within France. -
War in Germany over religious tolerance, starting with the Defenestration of Prague, ending with Peace of Westphalia.
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Civil War in England between the monarchy, Charles I and the royalists, and the Parliamentarians. Ends with the execution of Charles I
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A revolution in England where James II was overthrown and replaced with protestant monarchs William III and Mary II. -
Limited the power of the monarchy. Made England a constitutional monarchy. -
Ends the war of Spanish succession. -
War of Austrian succession.
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Denis Diderot Publishes his encyclopedia
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War over land claims in the Americas' between Louis XV of France and George III of Britain. Later Frederick the Great of Prussia and Maria Theresa of Austria. Ends with the Treaty of Paris.
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Advances in technology in England begin the Industrial Revolution.
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Catherine (II) the Great of Russia begins her reign.
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A rebellion in the lower class of Russia. Attempted to abolish serfdom.
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The American colonies sign the declaration of independence, during the war with Britain. -
The start of the French Revolution and the overthrow of the monarchs. -
A successful slave uprising in Haiti where slaves were freed from slavery for a time.
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Over 40,000 people are sentenced to death, being accused of being an enemy to the revolution. Ended with Robespierre's own execution. -
Napoleon seizes power. French Revolution ends. Consulate begins. -
Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French in front of the Pope. -
Emperor Francis II dissolves the Holy Roman Empire after pressure from Napoleon. -
Napoleon is defeated by Duke of Wellington at Waterloo -
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Across Europe, most fail -
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Between Germany, Italy, and Austria -
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