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Pope Boniface VIII (8) declaring the superiority of the church's power over the king after English and French kings raised taxes (most notably Philip IV/4). French Army assaulted Boniface and he died a month later due to the injuries.
people were so petty back then -
Philip IV bribed cardinals to elect a French Pope (clement V) and he moved the papal residency to Avignon France away from Rome. People got mad and protested. to get revenue papal taxes went up. Clements' successors built palace foe popes in Avignon.
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- Controversy over succession: French king Philip of Valois was choses over King Edward III
- French Land belonged to English king
- conflict over Flanders (Belgium): Clothing vassal for French but got cloth from English. Asked English to gain independence from French. -Struggle for national identity: France was not united before war
- French - more people
- English - better tech
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1.bubonic (30-70% Mortality)
2.pneumonic (90-95%)
3.septicemic (100%)
- spread by Flea infested rats,
- spread to Europe through trade routes (from Constantinople)
- started in in Italy (Florence) in 1347 -- renaissance
- didnt hit russia as hard other things i need to know
-efforts to stop the plague
-religious consequences
-Economic consequences -
- Causes: Crusades-- increased trade, discovery of classic texts, exploration
- Italian city states --wealthy middle class of bankers and merchants - buy art/patronage (e.g. Medici's in Florence)
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after Avignon Pope dies, Cardinals elected 2 popes (urban 4 - Rome and Clement 7- Avignon). England supported Urban and France supported Clement) (hundred year war stuff)
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elected new pope after contending popes resigned or were deposed. ended Great Schism. Conciliarism: Doctrine that said Representative council could regulate the pope's actions. Final court of appeals for conflicts concerning Pope itself.
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Causes
- Renaissance (curiosity)
- Reformation (religious refugees)
- New Monarchs seeking $$
- Technological advances
-Fame and fortune
-spread of Christianity KC: Mita system, Encomienda, Repartimiento, peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizo, Mulattos, Price revolution, Mercantilism (Bullionism), Ignatius of Loyola's Jesuits, Caravel, Sternpost Rudder, Lanteen sails, astrolade, Compass, Portolani Map -
Christian Humanism (Erasmus -the praise of the folly, Thomas more -Utopia)
art- more human-centered naturalism, everyday objects, oil, details, landscapes, middle class and peasant life, details of domestic interiors
Francis the first of France -patron of da Vinci
Jan van Eyck (Ghent Alter Piece) - Flanders
Durer - Germany
the low countries (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) BENELUX
Bosch, Pieter Bruegel the elder -
negotiated with heretics/Hussites. John Wycliff and John Huss (New Heresies)
- theologians
- criticized corruption of RCC and Great Schism
- challenged papal authority -
help spread renaissance and protestant revolution. Promoted vernacular literature and the development of national cultures
Where: HRE
inspired by Chinese block printing -
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Brunelleschi, da Vinci, Michelangelo, Boticelli (birth of Venus), Raphael (school of Athens) , Giotto (not high renaissance but first Renaissance artists) Characteristics of Art: Naturalism, Linear Perspective, Classicism, Individualism, Chiaroscuro, Geometric Arrangements, Sfumato, Arts Pieces: The lamentation of Christ, Isabella d'Este, Vitruvian Man, last supper, David, Mona Lisa, Sisitine Chapel,
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End of Italian Renaissance
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End of German Wars of religion
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End of Italian Wars
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End to French Wars of Religion
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Causes: Sates exploiting religious conflict for political interests, religiously fragmented HRE Effects:
1. End of religious conflicts
2. French dominance
3. HRE/ Habsurgs weakened and power dissolves
3. Nation-states 1: Bohemian (1618-'25)
2: Danish ('25-'29)
3: Swedish ('30-'35)
4: Swedish-French ('35-'45) KC: Defenestration of Prague, Battle of White Mountain, Fredrick V, Ferdinand lV, Mercenaries, Christian lV, Philip lV, Wallenstein, Edict of restitution, Gustavus Adolphus -
End to 30 Years war