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Evolved along the Nile River Valley. Centralized state ruled by a Pharaoh. Supported by predictable flooding caused by the Nile River. Involved hieroglyphic writing.
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Early development of Mesopotamian civilization. One of the earliest civilizations. First written language which was cuneiform and the start of city-states.
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Formed in the Indus and Saraswati river valleys. Involved well-planned cities, undeciphered writing and standardized weights.
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Located in present-day Peru. Developed 26 urban centers and had large stone structure like the city of Caral.
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Located in Central Asia (present-day Afghanistan and Turkmenistan). Centered around the Oxus or Amu Darya river valley. Involved a social hierarchy centered around deities. Known for elaborate architecture. Used irrigation agriculture.
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Defined as the ideal centralized state. Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties made the Chinese state bigger. The ruler was the person between heaven and earth and was called the "Son of Heaven". Had an early written language and has oracle bones as proof of early documents
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Cities formed from competing chiefdoms which created elaborate ceremonial centers. Created the first written language in America in around 900 B.C.E. Influenced later civilizations in Mesoamerica like Teotihuacán and Maya.