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The printing press was invented helping widespread info such as the Bible Impacted the Renaissance and Reformation increased literacy and spread ideas in the vernacular and Latin -
Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans and it was a Turing point in European history and marked the end of the Byzantine Empire -
The Tudors Reign
1485-1603 A royal house that ruled 1485=1603
Began with King Henry victory = war of the roses ended with Elizabeth I King Henry's Vlll break from Catholicism (English Reformation)
Mary l Restores Catholicism
Elizabeth v.s defeats Spanish Armada -
Columbus went to Murica
Alhambra Decree (Jews and Muslims GTFO) ( jews were told to convert or leave)
Completion of the Reconquista (fall of Granada) Country's effort by Christian kingdoms to gain/reclaim territory from Muslim rule and ended with the fall of Granada -
Michelangelo Completes the Sistine Chapel Painting of the ceiling Michelangelo was a master sculptor painter and architect in/during the renaissance -
Martin Luther makes 95 thesis ( list of propositions written by Luther criticizing the Catholic church mainly indulgences)
Protestant Reformation Starts (Religions+Political that challenged Catholicism and the church also created the protestants ) -
Martin Luther's attendance at the Diet of Worms
He was supposed to recant but didn't An assembly of the holy Roman church where Luther was supposed to renounce his teachings against the Catholic church -
Machiavelli's the prince is published
Political Treaties written by Machiavelli -
Act of Supremacy under King Henry the 8th under the Tudor Reign
(Anglican church) Law that made King Henry Vlll the head of the church of England Anglican church- protestant church made by King Henry Vlll Break from Catholicism -
Copernicus a polish astronomer publishes on the Revolutions of Heavenly spheres Proposes heliocentric model putting the sun in the center not the earth -
The Counter reformation Starts with the roman Catholics to try and undo the Protestant Reformation Convened by the Catholic church to undo protestant reformation
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Peace of Augsburg and they recognize "Culius Regio, eios religio" Ended religious conflict (Civil War) between Catholics and Lutherans -
A series of targeted assassinations and mob violence against the Huguenots (French Protestants ) -
Conflict in France from 1585-1589 of french wars of religion
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Phillip ll of Spain v.s Elizabeth l of England Spanish Armada- Large fleet of Spanish ships sent to invade England and depose of Queen Elizabeth l -
A Decree Signed by King Henry lV of France giving rights to Huguenots and Calvinist Protestant minority allowing people to practice religion freely. -
Defenestration of Prague - Bohemian protestant nobles threw 2 catholic imperial officials out the window of Prague castle triggering the war Stages of the War-
Bohemian 1615 -1625
Danish 1625 - 1629
Swedish 1630 - 1635
French 1635 - 1648 Peace of Westphalia - Treaties ending the 30 years War and granting religious tolerance -
Royalist (Supporters of Charles 1) v.s Parliamentarians (Led by Oliver Cromwell) Ends with execution of Charles the first and established the common wealth Order of war James 1
Charles 1
Oliver Cromwell
Charles 2
James 2
William and Mary -
"L'Enfant c'est moi " - I am the State
Avoided calling in the Estates general
Palace of Versailles
Intendants (French royal officials )
Nobles of the Robe ( Inherited rank and they did stuff for the king) Increased Taxes
Bureaucracy (Structured Government )
Mercantilism ( trade and national wealth) Largest professional army in Europe
Colonial Expansion Revoked Edict of Nantes (French Huguenots) -
Glorious Revolution
James the second is replaced by William the third and Mary the second (Protestant monarchs invited by Parliament) -
Limits power of the Monarchy (establish a Constitutional Monarchy) Locke's two treatises of government published -
Treaty of Utrecht - A series of agreements ending the war of Spanish succession conferment Philip V as king of Spain preserving Europe's balance of power War of Spanish Succession - European conflict sparked by the death of childless Charles the second of Spain with rival claimed to the throne threatening European balance of power -
Maria Theresa of Austria - Ruler of Hapsburg monarchy only women to rule the Hapsburg dynasty War of Austrian Succession - Sparked by Fredrick the great of Prussia invading of Silesia challenging Maria Theresa right to the Hapsburg throne after her father died