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- improved quality of life, but under harsh and dangerous working conditions
- europe, US, japan
- steel, petroleum, electric power
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- offered plots of land to settling families in the west
- minimum of living there for 5 years
- attempt to increase farmers during industrialization
- took land away from the native americans
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- government funding for the first continental railroad construction
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- rapid industrialization
- massive wealth accumulation
- huge racial and economic inequality
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- completion at promontory point, utah
- reduced travel time
- displaced indigenous
- harsh labor of immigrants (irish and chinese)
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- chinese population in chinatown attacked and killed by racially motivated violence
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- Chinese women banned to decrease Chinese children born in the U.S. and therefore citizens
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- U.S. army loses to the Lakota people
- contradicts manifest destiny
- government massacres entire population of buffalo
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- applied Christian ethics to poverty, labor exploitation, and urban conditions
- attempt to help save others, not just self-salvation
- emphasized dignity of the poor and immigrants
- improved living conditions, to a certain degree
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- U.S. government halts immigration from China
- chinese population was the only group to direct and full exclusion from the U.S.
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- quotas on people who can come from certain regions and specific countries
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- employment based on expertise and civil service exams
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- prohibited companies from importing foreign laborers under contract to perform labor in the U.S.
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- included interstate commerce commission which was the first institution set up to regulate something
- overlooked exchanges in the U.S.
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- designed to break up tribal organizations
- divided 160-acre plots
- citizenship given to those who remained for 25 years as "civilized" people
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- founder of the American Federal of Labor, a labor union
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- religious idea founded by Andrew Carnegie that the wealthy had a duty to serve society to clean it
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- raised tax on foreign products
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- increased coinage of silver, but not by much
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- settlers could not longer come to the western frontier because all the land had been claimed
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- U.S. army opens fire at the Lakota people, including women and children
- only one of many massacres against the indigenous people
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- no monopolies
- no prevention of trade, which was used against labor unions
- hard to understand for common people due to vague and complex language
- rarely enforced against businesses
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- important member of the knights of labor
- knights of labor included more minority groups in their protest against wage labor
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- a severe economic depression in the U.S.
- caused by railroad overexpansion, weak banking, and gold reserve depletion
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- end of the populist party
- beginning of modern politics, end of stalemate politics