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-Guide fosil: Stromatolites
-Geological events:The planet Earth formed, the continents joined to form Rodinia and then fractured; there was extensive volcanic activity.
-Climatic events: a primitive atmosphere with traces of oxygen and an ozone layer; the first ice age occurred. -
The first life forms appeared, which were very simple organisms, such as bacteria.Life developed in water, and the atmosphere lacked oxygen. -
More complex organisms emerged, such as eukaryotes. Thanks to photosynthesis, oxygen levels in the atmosphere increased. The first multicellular organisms appeared at the end of this period. -
-Guide fosssil:Trilobitos
-Geological events: Two mountain ranges formed, and Pangaea II came into being.
-Climatic events: The Earth's environment transitioned from warm and humid to cold with severe glaciations towards the end of the period. The climate became drier, coinciding with the formation of Pangaea. -
During the period, the Cambrian explosion occurred, when many new life forms appeared.Life developed only in the sea, and animals whit hard parts such as shells and skeletons emerged -
Marine life diversified greatly, and the first fish appeared.The first land plants also emerged, although they were very simple.This period ended with a mass extinction. -
After the extinction, life recovered.Land plants developed further, and the first animals on land, such as arthropods, appeared.Jawed fish also emerged. -
This period Is known as the age of fishes, as they diversified greatly. The first amphibians and the first forests appeared.At the end of the period, there was another major extinction. -
Large forest formed, giving rise to coal.There was a lot of oxygen in the atmosphere, which allowed for large insects. The firs reptiles appeared -
Reptiles became the dominant group, and many species adapted to dry climates. Eventually, the largest mass extinction in history occurred, wiping out most living things. -
Guide fossil:sefalopodos marinos
Geological events:Pangaea fragments, forming the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, leading to intense volcanic activity, a possible meteorite impact, and a division of power.
Climate events:The climate was very dry after the continents joined together, creating Pangaea; there was a greenhouse effect (warm climate, no ice ages). -
After the great Permian extinction, life began to recover.The first dinosaurs and the first mammals, which were small, appeared.Reptiles diversified greatly, and gymnosperms were the dominant plants. -
Dinosaurs became the dominant animals.The first birds appeared, and there were many marina reptiles.Vegetation was abundant. -
Flowering plants(angiosperms) appeared and spread. Dinosaurs continued to dominate, but at the end of the period, a great mass extinction occurred, wiping out the non-avian dinosaurs and many other species. -
-Guide fossil:Nummulites
-Geological events:The Himalayas and the Alps form, South and North America join, the continents also separate, the Canary Islands form, and finally, continental drift (orogeny) ends.
-Climatic events: The polar ice caps form, there is a prolonged period of global cooling, and glaciations cause the rise and fall of sea levels; the last glaciation, known as the Ice Age, occurs. -
After the extinction of the dinosaurs, mammals and birds diversified greatly. New groups appeared, and the climate was initially warm, though it later began to cool. -
Many modern mammals evolved, and grasslands expanded. The first hominids, ancestors of humans, appeared. -
Homo sapiens appeared.Several ice ages occurred, causing the extinction of many large mammals and significant changed in ecosystems.