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Took out the genetic material from the nucleus of white blood cells.
He saw it was acidic and called it nuclein. -
Found the parts of DNA: adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate.
Said that DNA is made of small units called nucleotides.
Each nucleotide has three parts: a sugar, a phosphate, and a base. -
Used paper tests and UV light to study how many nucleobases there were. He began to see something very strange. -
Studied two types of the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae. In January 1928, he showed for the first time that bacteria can transformation. -
Around 1951–1952, he studied DNA fibers using X-ray diffraction. He shared some results without Franklin knowing, and these results later helped Watson and Crick. -
Between 1951 and 1953, she made very clear X-ray pictures of DNA, including the famous Photo 51. This photo was very important for showing that DNA has a double helix shape. -
He was a scientist who studied viruses called bacteriophages. He helped make a famous experiment to see if DNA or proteins carry genetic information. -
Linus Pauling and Robert Corey suggested that DNA has three strands twisted together, like a triple helix. -
She was his assistant in the laboratory. She carried out the experiment using radioactive labels to follow the molecules. With her work, she showed clearly that DNA, not proteins, is the material that carries genetic information.