-
Vaal River, West Griqualand near Kimberly. Triggered a diamond rush and increased British interest in annexation.
-
claimed that they had requested protection from the Boers
-
this was due to the discovery of diamonds in 1867, but also threats from the Boers to British interests.
incorporated into the cape colony.
2000 Griqua people left to establish Griqualand East in 1873, but this too was annexed the following year. -
wants to create a federation of British, Boer and Zulu territory but the Boers refuse, causing the first Boer war.
-
to protect British interests in South Africa. followed discovery of gold and diamonds.
-
1879 King Cetshwayo refused Frere's demands for federation- British invaded Zululand. British defeat at Iswalanda Jan 22 with 20,000 Zulu warriors, British defence victory of Rorke's Drift jan 22-23, and Decisive victory at Ulundi
-
Provoked by Bartle Frere to attempt to control South Africa and create a British federation. Eventual victory, but suffered embarrassing defeats at Isandlwana in late Jan. After reinforcements are sent, they are able to defeat the Zulu at their capital Ulundi, which they burn to the ground. Zululand is incorporated into Natal. Gladstone recalled and denounced Frere in 1880.
-
Boers announce independence from Britain and attack Army garrisons across the Transvaal. British suffer a humiliating defeat at Majuba Hill in Feb 1881 where 150 Britons are killed. Forced to sign the Convention of Pretoria, recognizing Boer's right to self-government, but retaining control of external affairs.
-
triggered by the creation of German South West Africa in 1884.fears that the Boers and Germans might ally and combine their colonies. 4,000 British and local troops asserted control in Bechuanaland (between Boer and German colonies) with the north becoming a protectorate and the south a crown colony.
-
In Transvaal. European imperialists and investors arrived, creating further instability.
-
after discovery of diamonds in 1866, Rhodes established a monopoly inKimberly, South Africa. controlled 90% of the world's supply. He merged multiple companies to form the Diamond Syndicate in 1890.
-
After gold discovery at Witwatersrand (near Pretoria), there was an influx of European traders. Cecil Rhodes set up the British south Africa company. his aim was to establish a land route from cape to Cairo and crated a fort at Salisbury in Mashonaland in sept 1890
-
sultan agreed to British rule to prevent a German take-over.
-
Rhodes controlled mining companies in South Africa. British south Africa company given a royal charter 1889.
-
-
started by Rhodes and the British south Africa company. King Lobengula was defeated, and the British destroyed Ndebele capital Bulawayo. British won using maxim guns against King Lobengula, but he escaped afterwards and resistance to British rule continued.
-
South Zambezia was home to Ndebele, ruled from capital Bulawayo by King Lobengula. After mining concessions and protectorate established: first Ndebele was 1893-4, British won using maxim guns. British South Africa Company took over land in the interior of Africa.
-
-
Starr Jameson tried to raid the Transvaal due to Kruger's denial of Uitlanders' citizenchip and voting rights. The raid was intended to trigger an uprising by the uitlanders in the Transvaal, but it failed.
-
British South Africa company won, gaining control over Matabeleland and Mashonaland, against the Ndebele and Shona. Mlimo (spiritual leader) led an unsuccessful uprising. Known as first Chimurenga in Zimbabwe today.
-
1899 Boers invaded Natal and besieged Ladysmith. 400,000 troops were supplied by the British as the cost of £250 million. the British used scorched earth policies to remove civilian support of the Boers by burning farms, which removed food and shelter. Women, children, and 100,000s of black families put in concentration camps where thousands died of disease and starvation. the Boers were defeated in 1902.
-
-
Boers became British subjects, boer republics became colonies with the promise of responsible self government in 1905.
-
-
British Central Africa Protectorate in May 1891, opposition from Portuguese backed Arab attacks. Guerrilla warfare continued until 1897. The territory was officially renamed the Nyasaland Protectorate in 1907.
-
constitution 1908 between leaders of the Transvaal, Orange free State, Cape Colony, and Natal. Black Africans were given no protection from settler-colonial racism under the new union.
-