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Vaal River, West Griqualand near Kimberly. Triggered a diamond rush and increased British interest in annexation.
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claimed that they had requested protection from the Boers
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this was due to the discovery of diamonds in 1867, but also threats from the Boers to British interests.
incorporated into the cape colony.
2000 Griqua people left to establish Griqualand East in 1873, but this too was annexed the following year. -
wants to create a federation of British, Boer and Zulu territory but the Boers refuse, causing the first Boer war.
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to protect British interests in South Africa. followed discovery of gold and diamonds.
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British subdue neighbouring territories, merge them with cape colony, but the boers struggle against the Pedi tribe, who maintain independence. Boers reluctantly accept British help to fight the Pedi and Zulu tribes in 1877.
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Provoked by Bartle Frere to attempt to control South Africa and create a British federation. Eventual victory, but suffered embarrassing defeats at Isandlwana in late Jan. After reinforcements are sent, they are able to defeat the Zulu at their capital Ulundi, which they burn to the ground. Zululand is incorporated into Natal. Gladstone recalled and denounced Frere in 1880.
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Boers announce independence from Britain and attack Army garrisons across the Transvaal. British suffer a humiliating defeat at Majuba Hill in Feb 1881 where 150 Britons are killed. Forced to sign the Convention of Pretoria, recognizing Boer's right to self-government, but retaining control of external affairs.