-
Period: 750 to 1250
Seljuq Turks and Abbasid Caliphate
slide 94 pg. 166
900s- Turkish nomads began to seize the wealth of settled societies and build imperial states
750-950- large numbers of Seljuq Turks served in Abbasid armies and lived in Abbasid
1050- Seljuqs overshadow Abbasid caliphs
1055- caliph recognized Seljuq leader Tughril Beg as Sultan
last two centuries of Abbasid- caliphs were figureheads -
Period: 800 to 1399
Turkish Conversion to Islam
slide 94 pg. 166
by 500- many Turks to Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Manichaeism
early 800s- first converts: Turkish nomads captured by Abbasid and made slave soldiers
late 900s- Turkish ruling clan Seljuqs converted to Islam, probably to ally with Abbasid since they moved to Persia not long after
900s-1300s- most Turkish clans adopted Islam -
Period: 1000 to 1499
Nomadic Peoples are Prominent in Eurasia
Turks and Mongols forged close links between neighboring lands by fostering cross-cultural communication/exchange.
Military campaigns of nomadic peoples were destructive. -
Period: 1025 to 1099
Seljuq Turks conquer Anatolia
slide 94 pg. 166
early 1000s- many Turkish, led by Seljuqs, people went into Anatolia
1071- Battle Manzikert
Turks entered Anatolia freely
Anatolian peasants resented Byzantines, so Turks were liberators
Turks set up their own political/social institutions, taxed and restricted Byzantine church, welcomed converts to Islam with opportunities -
Period: 1025 to 1200
Ghaznavid Turks conquest India
early 1000s- Ghaznavid Turks, led by Mahmud of Ghazni, began campaigns to plunder India
1200- sultanate of Delhi controls all of Northern India
challenges: Hindu princes, had to defend from new Turkish or Mongol invaders
large army with elephants, but couldn't expand -
1055
Tughril Beg named Sultan
slide 94 pg. 166
Tughril first consolidated his rule at Abbasid capital Baghdad
Tughril and successors expanded Turkish rule to Syria, Palestine, and others
1055- caliph recognized Seljuq leader Tughril Beg as Sultan
last two centuries of Abbasid- caliphs were figureheads -
1071
Battle of Manzikert
slide 94 pg. 166
Seljuq forces devastatingly defeated Byzantine army and took Byzantine emperor captive -
Period: 1200 to 1399
Mongols are Powerful
early 1300s- Mongols had the largest empire ever: from Korea to China and Russia to Hungary -
Period: 1204 to 1227
Chinggis Khan Reign
-
Period: 1205 to 1257
Guillaume Boucher
(dates are ish)
online textbook 90 pg. 161-162
jeweler/goldsmith native to Paris
1230s- went to Budapest, part of the Hungary kingdom, invaded by Mongols
1242- Mongols left Hungary, taking Guillaume Boucher with them
Next 15 yrs- Boucher lived at Karakorum, the Mongol capital, as a slave with some prestige and enough freedom to marry a French women.
Mongols often resettled people who were skilled, which encouraged Eurasian integration by forcibly fostering exchanges. -
Period: 1211 to 1234
Mongol Conquest of Northern China
-
Period: 1219 to 1221
Mongol Conquest of Persia
-
Period: 1237 to 1241
Mongol Conquest of Russia
-
1258
Mongol Capture of Baghdad
-
Period: 1264 to 1294
Khubilai Khan Reign
-
Period: 1264 to 1279
Mongol Conquest of Southern China
-
Period: 1279 to 1368
Yuan Dynasty
-
1295
Ilkhan Ghazan Converted to Islam
-
Period: 1300 to
Turkish Expansion
Turkish groups migrated to Persia, Anatolia, and India, and overcame existing authorities to establish new states.
Most of India, much of central Asia, all of Anatolia, and a good portion of eastern Europe under Turkish control. -
Period: 1336 to 1404
Tamerlane Life
-
Period: 1375 to 1499
Mongol Collapse
A Chinese dynasty replaced the Mongol state in China, which focused its resources on its central Asian frontier due to the possibility of Mongol revival. -
1453
Ottoman Capture of Constantinople
slide 94 pg. 166
at this time, Anatolia was largely a Turkish and Islamic land