-
the Court unanimously ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine from Plessy v. Ferguson.
exposed systemic racism, mobilized mass nonviolent resistance, and forced the federal government to dismantle Jim Crow segregation and guarantee equal rights, shifting public opinion and securing legislative victories for Black Americans. -
He was shopping at a store owned by Roy and Carolyn Bryant—and someone said he possibly whistled at Mrs. Bryant, a white woman. At some point around August 28, he was kidnapped, beaten, shot in the head, had a large metal fan tied to his neck with barbed wire, and was thrown into the Tallahatchie River. To expose systemic racism, mobilized mass nonviolent resistance -
Rosa Parks's refusal to give up her bus seat in Montgomery, Alabama, on December 1, 1955, sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a 381-day protest where African Americans refused to ride city buses, demanding fair treatment and an end to segregation, ultimately leading to a Supreme Court ruling that outlawed segregated buses. because it used nonviolent protest to dismantle systemic racial segregation and disenfranchisement, leading to landmark laws like the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
The Little Rock Nine were nine Black students who faced intense hostility in 1957 when they became the first African Americans to integrate Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas. because it used nonviolent protest to dismantle systemic racial segregation and disenfranchisement, leading to landmark laws like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
four Black AT University students sat at a segregated lunch counter demanding service, sparking a nonviolent protest against segregation that grew to hundreds of students, faced abuse, and led to a boycott, ultimately forcing the lunch counter to desegregate by July 1960. because it used nonviolent protest to dismantle systemic racial segregation and disenfranchisement, leading to landmark laws like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965,