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Transcendentalism was the idea that everybody should connect with our world more deeply. They also pushed for individualism in our country. The reaction was that many authors wrote books encouraging readers to connect with the world more deeply, and it changed the literature of the time. This relates to the Civil War because this movement believed that everybody should have the chance to connect with nature, even enslaved people.
https://pennyspoetry.fandom.com/wiki/Transcendentalism -
The American Sunday School Union was an organization that gave kids a religious education. On Sundays, children would go to Sunday school and would be taught about their religion and be given literature for their age. The reaction was great, many kids attended every week, and a lot was taught. This is important to the Civil War because many churches saw slavery as wrong, so when teaching the kids about religion, that was commonly a part of it.
https://infaith.org/about/heritage -
Temperance was the movement of not drinking alcohol. Alcohol was a major problem in the 1800's and the only way to end it was a movement. The reaction was very positive in the northern states; many states even became dry. This was important to the Civil War because the troops fighting worked more efficiently if they were all sober.
https://ohiomemory.ohiohistory.org/archives/641 -
Phrenology was the science (now pseudoscience) of determining someone's personality/intelligence from the shape of their skull. This science was popular in the 1830s but was later deemed false. This was the beginning of psychology and made Americans start studying other fields of science. This is significant to the Civil War because this "science' was used by people to argue that slaves had a skull shape that made them less intelligent than white people.
www.simplypsychology.org/phrenology.html -
Abolitionism was a movement that sought to end all slavery in the United States. They tryed to use moral arguments to spread the word that it was a sin, and that Black rights should be the same as white rights. This resulted in many people coming to the relization that slavery is very immoral and should end. This related to the Civil War because the major dissagreement between the North and South was about slaves.
https://historica.fandom.com/wiki/Abolitionism -
These were anual conventions held in Seneca Falls where feminists (women and men) came together to talk on womens rights. This was a huge step in gaining womens rights back in the day. The result was a lot of advocation for womens rights, and the convention is still held anualy. This related to the Civil War because it was another cause to fight for.
https://www.lwv.org/blog/celebrating-166-years-seneca-falls