-
The first ship with slaves arrived to America.
-
-
Slavery would be permitted in Missouri and Arkansas but banned in the west and north of Missouri.
-
-Northern states favored such duties: they
protected their young industries against the
competition goods.
-Southern states opposed them: they
relied upon fo reign manufacturers for both
necessities and luxuries of many kinds. -
-
-
California was admitted to the United
States as a free state, while people who lived in Utah
and New Mexico were given the right to decide for
themselves whether or not to allow slavery. -
It made it easier for southerners to capture slaves who had escaped from their masters. The law called for severe penalties to those who assisted these black people.
This act angered northerners. Some refused to accept it. Other started providing help to fugitives. -
There was so much killing and violence that the state started to be called “bleeding Kansas”.
-
Congress delayed its admission to the United States. But the supporters of slavery won a victory of another sort.
A slave Dred Scott had been taken by his owner to live in a free state. Scott asked the Supreme Court to declare that this had made him legally free. The Court refused. -
-
Confederate forces opened fire in Fort Sumter, South Carolina, (occupied by United States troops). This marked the beginning of the war.
The Confederacy was led by Jefferson Davis, and the Union by Lincoln. -
The Union kept losing battles in Virginia, but had more luck in the Mississippi valley.
-
Amid all the chaos and uncertainty, Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated as the President of the Union.
-
The war officially started with the shots fired by Confederate troops at Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina.
-
In a special session of Congress, Lincoln asked for 75,000 people to help defeat the rebels. A couple of weeks later, in May, Lincoln called for another 43000 soldiers, to help win the war.
-
Eleven southern states announced that they were now an independent nation: The Confederate States of America:
Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Mississippi, Virginia, Texas, Tennessee, Oklahoma, the governments of Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri. -
-
It was passed by Lincoln and declared that all slaves living in the Confederacy were to make free.
-
The Union armies were closing on
all important Confederate stronghold on the
Mississippi called Vicksburg, -
The Union restored its morale by defeating the Confederates in the Battle of Gettysburg.
-
a speech that Abraham Lincoln made
there a few months later in which expressed certain principles of the democratic government. -
The Union marched into Georgia, and occupied Savannah. Then they marched to North and South Carolina, burning and destroying everything and they wanted to reach Richmond, Virginia.
-
-
Slavery was officially abolished after the approval of the 13th Amendment to the USA Constitution.
-
He was succeeded by Andrew Johnson, his vice president.
-
Despite opposition from the President. It also set up the Freedmen’s Bureau. Both were intended to ensure black people’s rights in the South.
-
14th Amendment to Constitution gave blacks the right to citizenships, including the right to vote. All former Confederates except Tennessee refused to accept it.
-
This placed all white governments in the South under military rule.
-
Most were made up of blacks, a few white southerners who were wiling to work with them and white men from the North.
These southern Democrats claimed
that the Reconstruction govermnments were
incompetent and dishonest. Many of the new black members of the
state assemblies were inexperienced and poorly
educated. -
Only three states had Reconstruction governments.
-
-Black people were more and more treated as “second class citizens” and robbed of their right to vote.
-Some states prevented blacks from voting by introducing a poll tax, which was so high that black people couldn’t pay it. -
Supreme Court ruling: the Constitution allowed separate facilities and services to be provided for black and black people as long as the facilities were of equal quality: “separate but equal”.
