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Period: to
Early Republic
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George Washington
First U.S. President 1789-1798
Unaffiliated -
Hamilton's Financial Plan
Hamilton's vision for the economic foundation of the United States including: 1 - the federal assumption of state debts, 2 - the creation of a Bank of the United States, and 3 - support for the new nation's emerging industries. -
Period: to
The Second Great Awakening
Protestant religious revival in the US, influenced many people to become religious,and changed the way that people preached and worshiped, and inspired social reform. Also empowered African Americans and the abolitionist movement, as the style of Christianity emphasized equality. 🟦 -
John Adams
Second president of the USA. 1797-1801
Federalist -
Thomas Jefferson
Third President of the USA 1801-1809
Democratic-Republican -
James Madison
Fourth President of The USA 1809-1817
Democratic–Republican -
War of 1812
The War of 1812 (1812-15) was fought between the United States and Great Britain, primarily over the British Navy captured American sailors and forced them to join the British Navy, as well as disagreements over trade, western expansion, and Native American policy. The war ended inconclusively after three years of fighting. 🟥 -
Period: to
Manifest Destiny/Westward Expansion
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Battle of New Orleans
The battle took place 15 days after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, which formally ended the War of 1812, on December 24, 1814, as news of the agreement hadn't reached the U.S. from Europe. Despite a British advantage in numbers, training, and experience, the American forces defeated a poorly executed assault in slightly more than 30 minutes. The Americans suffered 71 casualties, while the British suffered over 2,000. -
Period: to
Era of Good Feelings
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James Monroe
Fifth President of The USA 1817-1825
Democratic Republican -
Temperance Movement
The movement against alcohol, first urged moderation, then encouraged drinkers to help each other to resist temptation, and ultimately demanded that local, state, and national governments prohibit alcohol outright. 🟦 -
John Quincy Adams
Sixth President of The USA 1825-1829
Democratic-Republican -
Andrew Jackson
Seventh President of The USA 1829-1837
Democrat -
Period: to
Jacksonian
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Indian Removal Act
Authorized the president to grant lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. -
Jackson Vetoes the Second National Bank
President Andrew Jackson vetoes the government's effort to re-charter the Second Bank of the United States, which did not serve the functions of a modern central bank: It didn't set monetary policy, regulate private banks, hold their excess reserves, or act as a lender of last resort. He opposed the bank as corrupt and in service only to the country's elite. -
Martin Van Buren
Eighth President of the USA 1837-1841
Democrat -
William Henry Harrison
Ninth President of The USA 1841
Whig -
John Tyler
Tenth President of The USA 1841-1845
Whig -
James Knox Polk
Eleventh President of The USA 1845-1849
Democrat -
The Great Famine and Irish Immigration
Irish and German Catholics fleeing starvation or political issues in their home countries, due to the Irish Potato Famine, and a series of Revolutions across Europe. -
Period: to
Mexican-American War
War between the United States and Mexico stemming from the United States' annexation of Texas in 1845 and from a dispute over whether Texas ended at the Nueces River or the Rio Grande. 🟥 -
Seneca Falls Convention
300 people met to discuss advancing the rights of women, where they presented and discussed the Declaration of Sentiments, which discusses women's rights and compares them to those of men. Lasted 2 days. -
Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo
After the defeat of its army and the fall of the capital in September 1847, Mexico entered into peace negotiations with the U.S. envoy, Nicholas Trist. The resulting treaty required Mexico to cede 55 percent of its territory including the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, most of Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona, and a small portion of Wyoming. Mexico also relinquished all claims for Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as the southern boundary of Texas. -
Zachary Taylor
Twelfth President of The USA 1849-1850
Whig -
Millard Fillmore
Thirteenth President of The USA 1850-1853
Whig -
Franklin Pierce
Fourteenth President of The USA 1853-1857
Democrat -
Kansas Nebraska Act
Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, and allowed the people of each territory to decide whether or not to allow slavery. -
James Buchanan
Fifteenth President of The USA 1857-1861
Democrat -
Abraham Lincoln
Sixteenth President of The USA 1861-1865
Republican -
Period: to
Civil War
War in the United States between the Union and the Confederacy over the issue of whether or not slavery should be allowed. 🟥 -
Emancipation Proclamation
Given by President Abraham Lincoln towards the end of the civil war, the Emancipation Proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." The Proclamation led to the abolition of slavery, but didn't outright abolish it as it applied only to states that had seceded from the United States, leaving slavery untouched in the loyal border states. -
Period: to
Progressive Era
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Andrew Johnson
Seventeenth President of The USA 1865-1869
Democrat -
13th Amendment
Forbids slavery across the United States and in every territory under its control, except as a criminal punishment. -
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, was shot by John Wilkes Booth while attending the play Our American Cousin at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C. -
Reconstruction
Four statutes passed during the Reconstruction Era by the Congress addressing the requirement for Southern States to be readmitted to the Union. -
14th Amendment
Granted citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States," including formerly enslaved people. -
Ulysses S. Grant
Eighteenth President of The USA 1869-1877
Republican -
Period: to
Jim Crow
Reference to practices, laws or institutions related to the physical separation of black people from white people.🟧 -
15th Amendment
Grants the right to vote for all male citizens regardless of their ethnicity or prior slave status. -
Period: to
Gilded Age
(Late 1870s-1890s) -
Rutherford B Hayes
Nineteenth President of The USA 1877-1881
Republican -
Settlement House Movement
Middle-class reformers would settle among immigrants, living/working in the area, trying to meet the unmet needs of the slums - Ex: healthcare, education, childcare, and cultural programs. -
James A. Garfield
Twentieth President of The USA Mar - Sep 1881
Republican -
Chester A Arthur
Twenty First President of The USA 1881-1885
Republican -
Chinese Exclusion Act
Banned Chinese Labor Immigration for 10 years. -
Grover Cleveland
Twenty Second President of The USA 1885-1889
Democrat -
Benjamin Harrison
Twenty Third President of The USA 1889-1893
Republican -
Grover Cleveland
Twenty Fourth President of The USA 1893-1897
Democrat -
William McKinley
Twenty Fifth President of The USA 1897-1901
Republican -
Spanish-American War
Began April 28 and ended with Spain losing most of its overseas empire and the U.S. emerging as a world power. After a few months of fighting, the Treaty of Paris was signed on December 10, 1898, officially ending the war. As a result of the treaty, Cuba received its independence and Puerto Rico and Guam were ceded to the U.S as territories. The U.S. also purchased the Philippines from Spain for $20 million. -
Theodore Roosevelt
Twenty Sixth President of The USA 1901-1909
Republican -
William Howard Taft
Twenty Seventh President of The USA 1909-1913
Republican -
Woodrow Wilson
Twenty Eighth President of The USA 1913-1921
Democrat -
Period: to
World War 1
Started after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, and saw the Entente Powers - led by France, Russia, the British Empire, and later Italy (from 1915) and the United States (from 1917) - defeat the Central Powers - led by the German, Austro-Hungarian, Bulgarian and Ottoman Empires. Russia withdrew from the war after the revolution there in 1917. 🟥 -
Period: to
Roaring 20s
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Warren G. Harding
Twenty Ninth President of The USA 1921-1923
Republican -
Period: to
Tulsa Race Massacre
Mobs of white residents, some of whom had been appointed as deputies and armed by city government officials, attacked black residents and destroyed homes and businesses in the Greenwood District of Tulsa, Oklahoma. 🟥 -
Introduction of The ERA
Made to protect the equal rights of women, and grant them the right to vote, proposed in 1923 but only began making headway in the 1970s. -
Calvin Coolidge
Thirtieth President of The USA 1923-1929
Republican -
Herbert Hoover
Thirty First President of The USA 1929-1933
Republican -
Period: to
Great Depression
The longest and most severe depression in the world, sparking fundamental changes in economic institutions, economic policy, and economic theory. 🟩 -
The Dust Bowl
A period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of American prairies caused by wind erosion and the destruction of natural topsoil by farmers. -
Franklin D Roosevelt
Thirty Second President of The USA 1933-1945
Democrat -
Period: to
The New Deal
A series of wide-reaching economic, social, and political reforms enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression. 🟩 -
Period: to
Chicano Movement
Civil Rights movement promoting social, political, and economic equality for Latin Americans.🟦 -
Period: to
World War II
The war began when Nazi Germany invaded Poland in 1939 and ended when Japan surrendered to the United States after atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Caused by the economic crisis of the Great Depression and by political tensions left unresolved following the end of World War I, and Hitler's rise to power as chancellor through his promises of returning Germany to power and solving the issues left by WW1.🟥 -
Japanese Internment
Japanese Americans were put into internment camps because they were suspected of spying on the United States. -
Zoot Suit Riots
Racist attacks against Mexican-American men wearing "zoot suits" which were often associated with gang activity. Took place over 5 days. -
Harry S Truman
Thirty Third President of The USA 1945-1953
Democrat -
Period: to
Cold War
The Cold War was a period of global geopolitical rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union and their allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, where no fighting occurred between the two nations, but instead occurred through proxy wars between their capitalist and communist allies. 🟥 -
Period: to
Korean War
A conflict fought from 1950 to 1953 between North Korea and South Korea. It began with North Korea's invasion of South Korea, which the United States condemned and intervened to defend South Korea. The war ended in a stalemate, with a ceasefire agreement that maintained the division of Korea at the 38th parallel/The Demilitarized Zone.🟥 -
Dwight D Eisenhower
Thirty Fourth President of The USA 1953-1961
Republican -
Period: to
Vietnam War
Vietnam War, a conflict between the communist government of North Vietnam, led by Ho Chi Mihn, and the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and the United States. The war was a proxy war of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. 🟥 -
Period: to
Red Power Movement
Movement led by Native American youth who demanded self-determination for Native Americans in the United States🟦 -
John F Kennedy
Thirty Fifth President of The USA 1961-1963
Democrat -
Lyndon B Johnson
Thirty Sixth President of The USA 1963-1969
Democrat -
The Civil Rights Act
Prohibited discrimination in public places, mandated the desegregation of schools, and made employment discrimination illegal. -
Richard Nixon
Thirty Seventh President of The USA 1969-1974
Republican -
The Stonewall Riots
The Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York's Greenwich Village, was raided by police. But the patrons and a growing crowd decided to fight back, and led to six days of protests and violent clashes with law enforcement. It was a galvanizing force for LGBT political activism, leading to numerous gay rights organizations. -
Gerald Ford
Thirty Eighth President of The USA 1974-1977
Republican -
Jimmy Carter
Thirty Ninth President of The USA 1977-1981
Democrat -
Ronald Reagan
Fortieth President of The USA 1981-1989
Republican -
Second National March on Washington
A march on the capital wanting the legal recognition of lesbian and gay relationships, A presidential order banning discrimination by the federal government,
Passage of the Congressional lesbian and gay civil rights bill, An end to discrimination against people with AIDS, increases in funding for AIDS education, research, and patient care, as well as reproductive freedom. -
George H W Bush
Forty First President of The USA 1989-1993
Republican -
Period: to
Contemporary History
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Bill Clinton
Forty Second President of The USA 1993-2001
Democrat -
George H. W. Bush
Forty Third President of The USA 2001-2009
Republican -
9/11
Nineteen terrorists from al-Qaeda hijacked four commercial airplanes, deliberately crashing two of the planes into the upper floors of the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center complex and a third plane into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia. -
Barack Obama
Forty Fourth President of The USA 2009-2017
Democrat -
Donald Trump
Forty Fifth President of The USA 2017-2021 -
Joe Biden
Forty Sixth President of The USA 2021-2025
Democrat -
Donald Trump
Forty Seventh President of The USA 2025-Now