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The First Carbonari Uprisings
Secret societies known as the Carbonari led uprisings in Naples and Piedmont, aiming to establish constitutional governments. Although these insurrections were suppressed, they ignited the spark for future unification efforts. -
Founding of Young Italy
Giuseppe Mazzini established "Young Italy," a political movement advocating for Italian unification through democratic means. Mazzini's vision inspired many Italians to support the cause of a unified nation -
First War of Italian Independence
A series of revolts and wars against Austrian rule erupted across the Italian states. Despite initial successes, the efforts were ultimately unsuccessful, but they laid the groundwork for future unification endeavors. -
Count Camillo di Cavour Becomes Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia
Cavour's appointment marked a turning point, as he implemented economic and political reforms and sought alliances to strengthen the unification movement. -
Second War of Italian Independence
Allied with France, Piedmont-Sardinia waged war against Austria, resulting in the liberation of Lombardy and setting the stage for further unification -
Expedition of the Thousand
Led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, a volunteer force of about 1,000 men landed in Sicily and successfully overthrew the Bourbon rulers, leading to the annexation of Southern Italy to the Kingdom of Sardinia. -
Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
Victor Emmanuel II was declared the first king of a united Italy, marking the official unification of most Italian states under a single monarchy. -
Third War of Italian Independence
Italy allied with Prussia against Austria, leading to the annexation of Venetia into the Kingdom of Italy after the Austrians were defeated. -
Capture of Rome
Italian troops entered Rome, effectively ending Papal control and completing the unification process. Rome was subsequently declared the capital of Italy. -
Rome Becomes the Capital of Italy
Following the capture of Rome, the city was officially designated as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, symbolizing the culmination of the unification process.