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First Scheduled Trans-Atlantic Service Launched
the Black Ball Line is one of the first sail or steam powered packet ships. the Black Ball Line offered regular passenger service between the ports of Liverpool and New York in the beginning of 1818. the ship then expanded to include Boston and Philadelphia twice each month. the Black Ball Line ships was known for being fast and excellent seamanship. In 1880 the Black Ball line faded into history as the packets were removed from regular customers. -
P&O is founded
in1837 the company PO won a contract from the government to deliver mail to the Iberian Peninsula -
Cows Treat on Board
passengers can have fresh milk as the cows were on board and the ship was operated by Cunard and they went from Liverpool -
Cunard Line is Founded
The Cunard Line is a British shipping and cruise line. this is based on the Carnival house in Southampton, which is in England. the Carnival house was owned by the Carnival Corporation and Cunard's four hips have been registered in Hamilton Bermuda. In 1893 Samuel Cunard was awarded the first British Transatlantic steamship mail contract. The next year they formed the British and the north American royal mail steam-packet company in Glasgow and the ship owner was named Sir George Burns -
P&O introduce First Leisure cruises
in 1844 PQ expanded into leisure cruising and began offering sailings from the UK to the Mediterranean. in 1844 PQ cruises began operating the first leisure cruises. they were able to board smaller liners on journeys to the Mediterranean. this would be . these where originally aimed at people like royalty, nobles and senior government and business officials. -
First Cruise between New York and Europe
The ship, Quaker City, was the first cruise from New York to Europe. -
First 100 Percent Steel Structured Ship
PO launched the ship Ravenna which is the first to be constructed with a 100% steel superstructure
(technological development) - this marled the time ships were designed using 100%. this created a more solid structure compared to the wood methods. -
Electric Lights
the first ship to have electric lights is launched called SS Valetta.
(technological developments)- the first ship to have electrical lights is launched called SS Valetta. -
First Ship Exclusively for Cruising Launched
The first ship that was built exclusively for luxury cruising was the Prinzessin Victoria Luise of Germany. the cruise routes she did was the Mediterranean, the Black sea, Hoboken and new jersey. in 1903 she made a series of cruises from Hamburg to Norway and the Baltic. -
Titanic Sinks
the titanic sunk on its maiden voyage between Southampton and New York of the estimated
2,224 passengers and crew aboard, approximately 1,500 died. the Titanic was operated by the White Star Line and carried some for the wealthiest people in the world -
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Glamour of Cruising
The years 1920 to 1940 were considered the most glamorous as passengers were seeking to cross the Atlantic. Ships were catered to the rich and famous, who were wanting to enjoy the luxurious cruises and what they had to offer on board.
(customer Type demand)
(social economic changes) -
Cruise Lines Merge
White Star Line merge with their main rival who was Cunard Line. the Line remained as a single company but in 2005 it was merged into carnival corporation plc
(integration) -
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World War 2
cruise ships in world war 2 were used to help troops head to war. cruises and transatlantic sailing come to abrupt end. many ocean liners were destroyed during the war. -
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Ten Pound Poms
In 1947 to 1972 over one million people paid a fare of £10 to go to Australia and this stemmed a nickname of 'Ten Pound Poms'. The majority of people travelled with PO. Famous names such as Kylie Minogue and Hugh Jackman are among those who live in Australia because of this.
(Social and economic changes) -
Growth of Air Travel
Large passenger jet aircraft were introduced with people who travelled by ships switched to plane travelling instead. this caused a fast decline in passenger numbers on ships -
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increasing The appeal
the cruise lines begin to focus on improving passengers experience overall and attract more passengers. this includes large public ballrooms, swimming pools, public lounges, with some cruise lines also introduce on board.
(social Economic Changes)
(technological advances)
(changes in customer type demand) -
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Growth of Cruise Lines
half a century ago many more of the modern cruise lines were founded. the founded ones were the princess cruise which was founded in 1965, Norwegian line in 1965, royal Caribbean in 1968, MCS in 1970,celebrity cruises in 1989 and silver sea in 1994.
(Customer types and demand) -
Love Boat Launches on TV
Love Boat was a TV programmed that was set on the Princess Cruise ship and ran from 1977 to 1990 and it is believed to have been a big contributor towards the success and popularization of cruising.
(Customers Type Demand) -
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More New Cruise Lines Emerged
New Lines were emerged like Celebrity Cruises in 1989, Disney Cruises in 1995, Regent Seven Seas Cruises in 1990, Silversea in 1994 and many more were founded as well.
( Customer Type Demand) -
Thompson (TUI) Restart there Cruise Line
Thompson restarted their cruise line called sun cruises and it was rebranded Thompson cruises and the shortly after the rebrand they changed it to Marella Cruises in 2017
(tour operator integration) -
Growth of Large Corporations
Cunard was purchased by the company Carnival Corporations in 1998, increasing the number of cruise lines they own. During this period, Royal Caribbean Group continue to expand and introduce new cruise lines.
(integration) -
Internet at sea
the first cruise ship to offer internet at sea was launched in 1999. Norwegian Sky was the first cruise ship to have internet at sea and they did this by internet cafe which was a pay as you go internet access.
(technological advancement) -
Carnival Corporation Acquire P&Q Cruises
PQ cruises is acquired by Carnival Corporations in 2003.
(integration) -
Period: to
Launch of the Three Queens
Cunard the company launched three new ships and these are known as the Three Queens. the three ships are individually known as Queen Mary 2(2004), Queen Victoria (2007) and Queen Elizabeth (2010).
(technological advances) -
Oasis of the Sea Luanches
Oasis of the Seas, Royal Caribbeans first Oasis Class ship introduced many of the worlds first to the cruise industry when in debuted in 2009 including: neighborhood concept which used themes on board like Central park, outdoor AquaTheatre which featured an outdoor AquaTheatre, BoardWalk lightshows which featured entertainment like Synchronized swimming. and Capacity record which recorded carrying over 6000 passengers -
Costa Concordia Sinks
On January the 13th 2012 the Costa Concordia sank after striking a rock while cruising the Mediterranean and the rock created 174 foot gash on the hull and 32 people died including 27 passengers and 5 crew members. the ships captain called Francesco Schettino was found guilty of manslaughter and he was sentenced too 16 years in prison. -
Virgin Group Announce Virgin Voyages
Virgin Voyages is announced and they paned to offer adult only cruises and their first ship was Scarlett Lady. it was launched in 2021.
(Customer Type Demand)
(Tour Operator Integration) -
Icon of the Sea Sets Sail
Royal Caribbean launched Icon of the seas, which became the worlds largest cruise ship capable of carrying maximum of 7,600 passengers and 2350 crew members. it included the largest swim up bar at sea and ice skating and the first suspended infinity pool at sea
(technological advances) -
P&O launch Britannia
PO launched Britannia which became the largest vessel created for the British market and it includes Britain's first cookery school at sea and cutting edge entertainment.
( technological advances) -
Period: to
Covid-19 Pandemic
the global cruise industry collapsed as the government around the world introduced travel restrictions. In 2020, Diamond Princess was quarantined off Japan for two weeks until passengers and crew ere evacuated. 720 people were infected with covid-19.
nearly 30 cruise ships were scrapped during the covid -19 pandemic and some cruise lines went into administration.
(social economic changes)