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First scheduled trans-Atlantic service launched
the black ball line operated one of the first scheduled sail/steam powered packet ships. They offered a service between the ports of Liverpool, England and New York. -
P&O is Founded
in 1837 the company won a contract from the government to deliver mail to the Iberian Peninsula. -
Cunard line is founded
founded as the British and orthodox American Royal Mail Steam packet company in 1840. They serviced areas in the transatlantic, Mediterranean, Northern Europe, Caribbean and world cruises. Founded by Samuel Cunard, Sir George Burns and Robert Napier. -
Cows travel on board
Britannia, a cruise ship operated by Cunard left Liverpool with cows on board to provide a fresh supply of milk to passengers. -
P&O introduced first leisure cruises
PO introduced the first ever leisure cruise from the uk to the Mediterranean. These cruises are the starting point of modern day cruise holidays. (Customer type and demand) - these were originally aimed at those with high levels of wealth such as royalty, nobles and senior government/business officials. -
Firstcruise between New York and Europe
The Quaker City ship was the first cruise from New York to Europe -
First 100% steel structured ship
PO launched the ship Ravenna, which is the first to be constructed with a 100% steel superstructure.
(Technological development)- this marked the first time a ship had been designed using 100% steel which created a more solid structure compared to traditional wood. -
Electric lights
the first ship to have electric lights is launched called SS Valletta.
(Technological development) -
First ship exclusively for cruising launched
The first ship that was built exclusively for luxury cruising was called the Prinzessian Victoria Louise of Germany. It was launched in 1900 for Hamburg America line. -
Titanic sinks
The RMS Titanic was a British Ocean Liner. It sank in the early hours of the 15th April 1912 as a result of striking an ice burg on her maiden voyage from southamton to New York. 2,224 on board and approximately 1,500 people died. -
Period: to
Glamour of cruising
Between 1920 and 1940 it was considered the most glamorous for passengers seeking to cross the Atlantic. These ships were for the rich and famous and able to enjoy the luxurious on board surroundings. (Customers type demand)
(social economic charges) -
Cruise liners merge
White star line merge with their main rival Cunard line. The line would remain as a single company until 2005 when it was merged into carnival corporation and plc. Intergation -
Period: to
world war 2
many cruise ships were used to transport troops heading to war. Cruises and transatlantic sailing come to and abrupt end. Many ocean liners were destroyed during the war. -
Growth of air travel
large passenger jet aircraft’s were introduced, with travellers switching from ships to planes. This caused a rapid decline in passenger numbers. -
Period: to
increasing the appeal
cruise lines begin to focus on improving the passenger experience to attract more passengers. This includes large public ballrooms, public lounges, swimming pools, with some cruise lines also introducing on board ceremonies.
(Social and economic changes)
(Technological advances)
(Changes in customer type and demand)