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Johann Amos wrote the very first picture book for children. It was called Orbis Pictus and it was also a guide for teachers. Johann Amos thought that education should follow the natural order of things. Meaning that children should learn at their own pace, rather than being rushed into things. Also believing that teachers should observe and work with the children's pace. He also had a concept that children should learn things by doing them.
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John Locke was the finder of modern educational philosophy. He was one of the first European educators that discussed individual differences by observing one child rather than simply teaching a group. Locke claimed that the purpose of education is to make humans reasoning creatures.
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Jean Jacques received innovations from Comenius, educational challenged from John Locke, and changes to sciened introduced by Charles Darwin. Due to this he thought that it was perfect timing for new ideas on childhood. He proposed the idea that children were not inherently evil, but naturally good. Jean Jacques was not a educator, but he suggested that schooling should be less restrained and more flexible for childrens needs. Jean Jacques ideas are still followed in classrooms today.
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Johann was a teacher from Switzerland that offered help on education and cared very deeply that educators understood common teaching practices for early childhood. He believed that good education meant the development of the senses. He wanted the education to be the heart, the hand, and the head of the child. Meaning that teachers guide the children. He also proposed the idea that children work in groups instead of working one on one with an educator.
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German was the first country to have kindergarten. Kindergarten has gone through many social changes throughout the years. At first it was for poor students and then it went to be led by churches. The kindergarten we know today is the first grade that students enter when they go to school to help them become more independent and prepared for the following grades.
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Froebel was one of the major contributors to the early childhood education. He is known as the "Father of the kindergarten" He started his kindergarten in 1836 for children from the age 2-6. His system was mainly centered around self esteem for children and self confidence. His kindergartens included blocks, pets, and finger plays.
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Robert Owen expressed his feelings for social reform to the families that work in the cotton mills of the Wales. He believed there are good people, but were corrupted by the harsh environment and the poor treatment. He took his feelings and beliefs to the British House fighting against child labor. After this he was invited to take over a school located in New Lanark. When he was there, he stopped child labor for children younger than 10 years old, and sent them to nursery's and infant schools.
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Neil was known as one of the most famous proponent of the "free natural school" movement. He claimed that most education was uneffective because it came from sin. He assumed that children were inherently evil, causing educators to force children to do what was their nature. His beliefs were practiced in school targeting towards children governed themselves and worked toward getting equal rights with adults.
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Rudolf Steiner gave lessons for the German factories of Waldorf Astoria. This led to the establishment of schools that is now known as Waldorf Education. There are more than 1,200 Waldorf schools worldwide, and over 1,900 Waldorf kindergarten's around the globe. Steiner believed that childhood is a phase of life that is important in its own right, meaning that children's spiritual development, imagination, and creative gifts are important.
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Nursery Schools and day nursery Schools had lots of custodial healthcare. The children were usually enrolled if they were middle to upper class. After the 1960's nurseries began serving poor families.
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Maria was the first physician in Italy. She worked in Rome with poor children and children with disabilities. She believed that what they needed was some proper motivation and a proper environment. She opened a pre-school named Casa di Bambini in 1907. She had 50 young children and fed them 2 meals a day, given a bath, and received medical attention while their parents were at work. She proved that those types of children could be successful in schooling.
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Sputnik launched in 1957 after World War 2. It was the Soviets satellite and the first successful exploration in space. Americans were asking lots of questions like "Why were we not first in space? What is wrong with our schools?" This led to the introduction for change in American education and reasons for social equity and cognitive achievement.
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Although media and Technology is here to stay for childhood education, it is expressed that it is still important for children to balance out education and media. David Elkind made a comment that people still reflect on today. David said "Valuing childhood does not mean seeing it as a happy, innocent period but rather as an important period of life to which children are entitled" (Elkind, 1982).
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Highscope was made to address the effects of poverty on children's development. The curriculum identified key experiences relating to the concept of child development.
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The no child left behind legislation was passed in 2002 in the United States. Improving public schools performance. Also requiring all public schools that receive federal funds to to administer a standardized test to all students, a long with a annual report card.
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The project "Head Start" was education's role in fighting war on poverty. It was an attempt to help poor children by preparing them for education purposes. The parents that were required to participate at all levels, were educated with their children. During this time poor people or underprivileged people were encouraged to participate in solving their problems.
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Social Reform expects that schooling for younger children leads to social change and improvement. There was a CDF (Children defense fund) for social reform all way from 1975-2014.
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NAEYC developed professional standards for early childhood educators. They did this to make sure that teachers can receive the best preparation available. The standards identify what teachers should know about children before they begin teaching.
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DAP stands for Developmentally appropriate practice. This means "promotes each child's optimal development and learning through a strength-based play-based approach to joyful learning" (NAEYC 2020). The guidelines help teachers as they create learning environments for all children.