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Comenius created the first ever picture book, it was called Orbis Pictus. It was a guide for teachers to know how to properly teach. He came up with the concept of learning by doing and stressed this onto teachers. He believed that kids should play with kids their own age. He also emphasized the need for senses with education similar to Pestalozzi.
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He made a theory about learning and the study of the mind and was considered the maker of modern education philosophy. He created the concept of the tabula rasa which is the belief a child is born totally natural and has no evil in them. he wanted kids to be able to reach a level of understanding with learning and the Bible.
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He was a Swiss writer and philosopher who based and built ideas off of Locke's research. He also believed that no child was born evil. Jean wrote a book called "Emile" and it talks about raising a child. He had an idea that carries on throughout learning today which is that children base their learning on the environment and role models
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This Swiss educator proposed theories about teaching and learning. He thought that teaching and learning should be done through senses. He wanted learning to happen but also wanted the child to be cared for at the same time. He stressed the idea of integrated curriculum which was that he wanted education to happen through the hands, head, and the heart of the children. This meant developing senses, doing activities, and academics.
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German was the first country to have kindergarten. Kindergarten has gone through many social changes throughout the years. At first it was for poor students and then it went to be led by churches. The kindergarten we know today is the first grade that students enter when they go to school to help them become more independent and prepared for the following grades.
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This is a theme and it is to ensure that schooling improves social change. There are stories to tell about this from Montessori, Owen, McMillans, Smith Hill, Eliot, and headstart and highscope programs. As this is where social reform comes from today
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Robert Owen established labor practices for the workers and schooling of their children. He also believed that everyone was naturally good and evil came from the environment and poor treatment. Because of child labor he created infant schools which stopped kids of age 10 years or younger from working and put them into a schooling system. These infant schools did not survive but Owen's concept did.
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Most well known as "The father of kindergarten". His kindergartens consisted of blocks, pets, and finger plays and he figured out what they like and do not like. he also analyzed how they learn best and his theories influenced many others.
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The standards for early childhood education are based around growth, language, social and emotional well being, and physical health. Today we also have more STEM classes included in our standards of learning.
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Steiner was very talented and he gave lectures in German factories of Waldorf Astoria which led to the establishment of Waldorf Education. There are 1,200 schools worldwide. Rudolf Steiner made a theory that childhood is a phase of life where the environment needs to be safe and protective.
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She was the first female physician in Italy. She opened a preschool after working with poor and children with intellectual disabilities in 1907. The Montessori method was created and it was a plan to help children thrive and grow in education to succeed. Maria liked to observe the children and their actions throughout her philosophy and learned a lot about them. Her philosophy still is seen today with tactics in preschools.
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Sputnik was the first artificial satellite and it was sent out to transition schools more into STEM and complex learning. Which is sciences, technology, engineering, and maths.
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These Nursery Schools and day nurseries were based around the child's whole development. children from middle and upper class families.
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Project headstart was to help the education system with the "war on poverty". This development had the same beliefs and ideas of Froebel and Montessori. This was important because it was the first large scaled government movement to focus more on the "children living in poverty". Throughout the years this program/development has expanded and has helped over 10 million families with their children.
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Most famous person in the free/natural movement. in his book titled "Summer hill" he talks about his 40 years in the educational program. He believed that you cannot force children into doing differently than what is nature to them. He wanted and believed in freedom within children and it was practiced in his school where the children would work for equal rights.
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DAP stands for developmentally appropriate practices. These practices involve basic and variation.
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People are realizing that we are pushing childhood to adulthood too fast and children no longer have a "childhood'. They want to blend technology within learning/schooling. They are trying to use technology in classes in a healthy way without trying to include the social media. David Elkind says that "we should appreciate the value of childhood" and explains that it doesn't mean only having the happy moments. He also says that "childhood is the most basic human right of children".
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Highscope was made to identify the issues of child development in poverty and how people could help. There were two studies done that focused on programming for kids. Highscope was developed between Schweinhart, Barnes, and Weikart.
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In 2002, a legislation was passed that made any public schooling that receives federal funding to take a standardized test. This would make a yearly report card for the students and will provide teachers with qualifications for students.