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Comenius wrote the first picture book to train the senses and the study of nature. He believed teachers must work children to ensure they're learning at a level suiting their learning abilities. He encourages parents to let their children play with others their age so that when they learn they're excited.
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John Locke is considered the founder of modern educational philosophy. He believed that a baby was born with a "clean slate". Locke claimed that education makes humans reasoning creatures. Children were taught basic skills and now the same approach to teaching is still used today on children.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Swiss writer and philosopher that believed children were naturally good and not evil. He thinks teachers should change their instructions so that it fits the way a child develops. He believed schools should have more freedom that meets children's needs and because of this he has influenced many people and schools.
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Pestalozzi made principles on how to teach children basic skills and on how teachers should care and educate children. He believed teachers had to use multiple methods when teaching.
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German was the first country to have kindergarten. Kindergarten has gone through many social changes throughout the years. At first it was for poor students and then it went to be led by churches. The kindergarten we know today is the first grade that students enter when they go to school to help them become more independent and prepared for the following grades.
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Froebel is known as the "Father of Kindergarten" because of the childhood education system he created. Froebel observed what activities children enjoy. As a result of his observations Froebel developed educational toys.
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Robert Owen believed children were naturally good until they were affected by the poor environment surrounding them. After he took over a school in New Lanark he stopped allowing children under the age of ten work so that they could attend school. He built an infant school that provided plenty of fun activities instead of using strict teaching methods.
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Social reform expects that children attending school will result in social improvement. Many programs attempt to improve children's overall health. These programs accomplish this improvement by attending to the aspects of children's lives.
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Rudolf Steiner gave lectures of Waldorf-Astoria which led to schools known as Waldorf Education. There are thousands of Waldorf schools around the world. He believed that childhood is important so the child's surroundings must be held to a certain standard to ensure their childhood is protected. The role of a child's teacher is also important because the teacher is a mother-like figure. Everything the child interacts with plays a large role in the child's development.
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Maria Montessori was granted a medical degree. Through her degree she began studying children's diseases. She worked with children with intellectual disabilities.
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Sputnik was a Soviet satellite that was launched into space. It was the first successful satellite to explore space. Americans were often questioning why we weren't in space first and what's wrong with our schools? This changed education by focusing on engineering, science, and math in order to catch up with the Soviets.
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Nursery schools became very involved with the children. They contributed to the child's development because they were very involved. Nursery schools cared for multiple needs of the children which is what nursery schools are known for.
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Head Start is a program that helps preschool children living in poverty. Head Start provided lots of different beneficial services for children and their families. Many people took interest in Head Start which resulted in national attention towards helping underprivileged children get an appropriate education.
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A.S. Neil is famously known for the "free/natural school" movement. He also is the author of the book Summer Hill which is about him being the headmaster for forty years in that educational program. He claims that it is not beneficial to assume that a child is evil because without help they will be able to develop on their own.
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Media and technology have a huge impact on children's everyday lives because of how involved it is. However, as a result of the media and technology children are being pushed away from childhood. David Elkind says that childhood "an important period of life to which children are entitled."
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The High Scope was made to address the effects of poverty on children's development. To address the effect it provided education for the child's development and even gave recommendations for the child's environment. It has a very positive impact on preschool education.
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No child left behind meant that schools had to improve their academic performances. In order to track the schools academic performances the children are required to take an annual standard test. As a result of standard tests children would receive report cards showcasing their progress.
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Standards became required because federal programs were being reauthorized. All public school students have to take a standard test and students would be taught by qualified teachers. The standard test results would be received on a report card.
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DAP stands for developmentally appropriate practices because a good teacher uses engaging practices that are appropriate for children to help them grow and learn. Teachers are meant to inspire children because their inspiration can shape who they become later in life. Teachers ensure their lessons fit each individual child so that they can unlock their potential.