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Chalk boards were ubiquitous in classrooms and were the primary means of communicating content knowledge to all students in the classroom. Students mainly watched as the teacher wrote on them, from K through 12th grade. -
A series of still images on a roll or strip of 35 mm film were projected onto a screen. A low-cost alternative to a motion picture. Students passively watched. -
Full motion 8 mm films with audio were projected onto a screen. Students sat passively and watched. -
Learning to type was offered as a course by itself. But most other course assignments were still hand-written even through grade 12. -
Used for trigonometry, chemistry, and physics. Replaced the slide rule and tables of trig and log functions. Replacement and amplification. -
A punch card had a pattern of holes punched through with a machine. Each card represented a line of code. A stack of cards were then fed into a card reader for the computer to compile. Results were printed on paper with a dot matrix printer. -
First school programming course with desktop computers. The entire process of coding was greatly simplified, teachers could easily check assignments, and students were motivated since this was state of the art. Had potential to be transformational, but was limited to coding. -
First exposure to word processing, drawing, and graphing programs. But computers were only available in a university computer lab. Had replacement and amplification characteristics, and soon transformation.