Egypt

  • Apollo 11 Stone (Namibia) (early animal drawing)
    25,300 BCE

    Apollo 11 Stone (Namibia) (early animal drawing)

    The Apollo 11 Stones are seven quartzite slabs found in Namibia (1969–1972) dating back to 25,500–25,300 BCE, making them the oldest known figurative art in Africa. These portable, palm-sized slabs feature charcoal and ochre paintings of animals, including a renowned, enigmatic therianthrope (part-feline/part-human figure).
  • Period: 4000 BCE to 3100 BCE

    Pre-Dynastic Period (c. 4000–3100 BCE)

    The Predynastic Period, spanning approximately from 5500 to 3100 BC, represents a pivotal phase in ancient Egyptian history. This era laid the groundwork for the magnificent civilization that would later emerge along the banks of the Nile River.
  • Decorated Pottery (Naqada II style)
    3200 BCE

    Decorated Pottery (Naqada II style)

    Naqada II pottery (c. 3500–3200 BCE), known as Decorated Ware (D-ware), is characterized by buff-colored marl clay vessels hand-formed without a wheel, featuring red-painted, often nautical or desert-themed scenes. These vessels, common in funerary contexts, highlight the Nile's importance, displaying boats with oars, flamingos, and stylized human figures with raised arms.
  • Period: 3100 BCE to 2686 BCE

    Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100–2686 BCE)

    The Early Dynastic Period of Egypt immediately followed the unification of Lower and Upper Egypt around 3100 BC. It is generally taken to include the First and Second Dynasties, lasting from the Protodynastic Period of Egypt until about 2686 BC, or the beginning of the Old Kingdom.
  • Palette of Narmer
    3000 BCE

    Palette of Narmer

    The Narmer Palette is a 5,000-year-old (c. 3200–3000 BCE) Egyptian ceremonial siltstone tablet, discovered in 1898 at Hierakonpolis. It commemorates the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under King Narmer, making it a key, early historical document of Egyptian civilization. It is housed in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
  • Period: 2686 BCE to 2181 BCE

    Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2181 BCE)

    In ancient Egyptian history, the Old Kingdom is the period spanning c. 2700–2200 BC. It is also known as the "Age of the Pyramids" or the "Age of the Pyramid Builders"
  • Great Pyramids of Giza
    2580 BCE

    Great Pyramids of Giza

    The Great Pyramid of Giza was the world's tallest man-made structure for 3,800 years, built by paid laborers (not slaves) using over 2.3 million stone blocks with incredible precision, aligned almost perfectly to the cardinal directions, and originally covered in reflective white limestone, making it shine brightly in the sun.