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587 BCE
🟣Antisemitism-Bishop denounces Jews
The Bishop of Antioch, John Chrysostom, denounces Jews in his sermons as “wild beasts” "wild beasts who murder their own offspring . . .and worship the avenging devils who are the foes of our life"(Pulzer 17). -
1096
🟣 Antisemitism-Slaughters during the Crusades
During the Crusades, massacres of Jews and attempts at forced conversions occur in Rhineland -
1215
🟣Antisemitism- Fourth Council creates “Jew badge”
The church segregated them due to fear, they felt threatened by the Jews within their religion. "Although the church lent no official support to these superstitions, it took other steps that facilitated their acceptance"(Pulzer 18). -
1492
🟣Antisemitism-Other countries, Spain
The Alhambra Decree forced the expulsion of all Jews who didn’t convert to Christianity. -
🟣Antisemitism-The term “anti-semitism” is created
Used for the first time in Wilhelm Marr’s book The Triumph of Jewry Over Germanism. "The "Jewish question" became one of birth and blood, not belief.”(Rogasky 10). -
Period: to
🟣Antisemitism-Pogroms in Russia
Pogroms describe the semi-official persecution of Jews in the Russian empire. This resulted in at least 50,000 Jewish deaths. -
🟢WW1 & WW2-Germany is defeated in WW1
Germany is defeated in World War 1 with the signing of the Armistice, halting military operations between Germany and the Entente. -
🟣Antisemitism-The Protocols of the Elders of Zion appears in Germany
A document that purports to offer conclusive evidence of the existence of a Jewish conspiracy to achieve world domination. “The Protocols "revealed" the Jews to be the secret masters of the globe and "exposed" their hidden motives and intrigues, which were interpreted as the ultimate cause of the Great War,”(Hagemeister 501). -
Period: to
🟢WW1&WW2-Post-WW1 inflation hits Germany
Peaked in 1923 five years after the country lost the war, an inflation hit that was the worst the world had ever seen.
“One American cent was worth 1.66million
reichsmarks. Money was carried in boxes and wheelbarrows; it was not worth the paper it was printed on. Germany was simply falling apart.”(Rogasky 12). -
🟢WW1&WW2-Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany
After the Nazi Party gained significant political influence. -
🔴The Holocaust-Hitler orders a concentration camp to be built in Dachau
this was the first regular concentration camp established. Dachau became a model for all the other concentration camps. -
🔴The Holocaust- Dachau opens
This was one of the first concentration camps built. It was intended to home political opponents of hitler. -
🟣Antisemitism-Hitler’s government directs a boycott of Jewish-owned stores
This was the first act out of over 200 pieces of legislation passed in Germany from 1933-1939 that were designed primarily to segregate, isolate, and demoralize German Jews. -
🔴The Holocaust-The first mention of Judenrat on a government draft proposal “The Final Solution” in the Lodz ghetto is planned
First appeared in April 1933 to regulate Jewish life. The document foresaw the legal segregation of all Jews in Germany. -
🟣Antisemitism-Jews and non-Aryans were pushed out of civil service jobs
This followed Hitler's boycott of Jewish-owned stores and businesses. -
🟣Antisemitism-Jewish people barred from being lawyers
The Reich government decreed the disbarring office of Jewish lawyers -
🟣Antisemitism-Jewish people are forbidden from the medical profession
They were excluded from National Health Institutions -
🟣Antisemitism-The German government enacted the Law for the Prevention of Offspring with Hereditary Diseases
This mandated the forced sterilization of certain individuals with physical and mental disabilities. -
🟣Antisemitism-Jews are excluded from journalism
All Jews were excluded from Journalism except for the Jewish press. -
🟣Antisemitism-Interracial marriages are prohibited throughout Germany
Various categories of forbidden marriages were in acted in the first supplementary decree to the Law for the protection of German Blood and Honor. -
🟢WW1&WW2-Hitler names himself führer
After president Paul von Hindenburg died. Führer also means leader or guide -
🟣antisemitism-Jews are forbidden form military service
This happened after general conscription was reestablished and the new Wehrmacht replaced the small professional Reichswehr. -
🟣Antisemitism-Nuremberg Race Laws enacted
The Laws consisted of the "Reich Citizenship Law" and "The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor". Nazis wanted to put their race ideology into law. “Only those of German or related blood were entitled to be Reich citizens (Reichsbürger) with full political rights. Jews were considered mere Reich subjects.”(Fraenkel 453). -
🔴The Holocaust-The first deportations of Polish Jews take place
polish Jews were deported to the no-man’s-land. They were euphemistically called “resettlement in the East” by the nazis. -
Period: to
🟣Antisemitism-Kristallnacht
A series of pogroms against the Jewish population(also known as the Night of Broken Glass). Some 30,000 Jewish males were arrested. First time Nazi officials made massive arrests with no other reason except they were Jews. "Tens of thousands of Jews were terrorized in their homes, sometimes beaten to death"(Jonca 389). -
🟢WW1&WW2- Germany invades Poland
Marked the beginning of WW2. Hitler viewed Poland as a source of land and resources and used it as a staging point for a planned invasion of the Soviet Union. -
🔴The Holocaust-The Warsaw Ghetto is completely sealed off
Jews were evacuated and many lost access to their possessions. -
🔴The Holocaust-The first death march occurs in Poland
800 Jewish PoWs from the Polish army were removed from their camp and escorted by SS men to march in the bitter cold to Biala Podlaska( approx. 62 miles) "All along the route Nazis killed prisoners , individually and in groups, only a few dozen survived to reach their destination"(Krakowski 350). -
🔴The Holocaust- The first prisoners arrive at Auschwitz -End of 1941
Soviet prisoners began to arrive on foot from nearby PoW camp Lamsdorf. -
🔴The Holocaust-An experiment is ordered to test the effects of carbon monoxide gas in a sealed room with Jewish people inside
Ordered by the head of Einsarzgruppe B, Arthur Nebe. This led the RSHA’s Criminal Technical Institute to develop gas vans -
🔴The Holocaust-Gas van tests are carried out-End of November
carried out in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, 30 men were murdered. -
🔴The Holocaust- The liquidation of the Ghettos begins
It followed the first deportations of Jews in 1942 with the opening of major death camps. -
🔴The Holocaust-Youth Movements Prepare for Armed Resistance
Young leaders were convinced that all Jews were destined for annihilation. They grew closer ties with the Polish Communist Party(PPR) and obtained weapons. -
🔴The Holocaust-Deportations from the Warsaw ghetto take place
Ghetto inhabitants streamed into the German factories. They thought they would be safe but during the first 10 days of the deportation 65,000 Jews were taken from the ghetto -
🔴The Holocaust-Jewish underground launches a grenade attack near a coffee shop, killing and wounding several Germans
The grenade attack was on Cyganeria, a Kraków coffee shop outside the ghetto. -
🔴The Holocaust- The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins
Jewish resistance groups starting fighting back against the Germans. "Active resistance has begun," Abrasha told him. "All the groups of the Fight ing Organization are participating in the struggle.”(Meed 328). -
🔴The Holocaust-The Jewish underground ceases to exist
The coalition failed because of their lack of support, in the fall of 1943 the Draegners we’re captured again and soon the Jewish underground fell as well. -
🔴The Holocaust-Prisoner revolt on Auschwitz
This revolt took place because the Somderkommando Jews didn’t have as much time as the non-Jewish prisoners. They needed to take action. “The Jewish Sonderkommando, with some help from Soviet prisoners, staged an armed revolt at Auschwitz II (Birkenau).”(Tec 547). -
🔴The Holocaust-Liquidation of the concentration camps begins.
The Nazis destroyed evidence of crimes by demolishing camps and killing remaining prisoners before liberation. -
🔴The Holocaust-The Doctors Trial
23 medical professionals and one medical administrator were tried for crimes against humanity stemming from the quasi scientific experiments on human beings.