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timespan is APPROX. peak of it was 1490s-1520s. this was a time of rebirth, a revival of classic greek and roman texts, the emergence of humanism, lots of new art, architecture, writing, ways of thinking, etc etc
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timespain is approx!!!
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france - reorganized gov - new taxes on land and products -
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AROUND 1440. so incredibly important bc it spread ideas during the renaissance and other times
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between the yorks and the lancasters, two houses vying for the throne. Henry VII won some battle and married Elizabeth York, basically uniting the two houses which brought in the Tudor era, strengthened monarchy, and weakened nobility
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ferdinand and isabella being terrible people... made their jewish population convert to catholicism or leave. then forced jewish and muslim pop to leave because they didn't believe that they had actually converted
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talked about humanism, placed humans at the center, emphasized human potential, and was banned byt eh church - written by Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
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transfer of goods, like food, livestock, disease, etc between new world and old world
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established TOOTER dynasty, restored royal power and financial stability, made a powerful wealthy stable kingdom for henry vii
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pope gets first year of income of new bishops and abbots but the French king controlled appointments
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written by baldassare castiglione and essentially outlines how he thought men should act in courtly society. pioneered the idea of a "renaissance man" -- someone who could read, write, dance, play music, was strong, basically just adept in every subject. an example is leo da vinci
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outlined how machiavelli thought rulers should rule. they should do what they could to maintain power at all costs (though dont make ur people hate u). if u needed to be kind, be kind, but if you needed to be cruel, be cruel. he was a humanist bc he placed humans at the center, rather than god, and his thinking was similar to that of greek/roman rulers
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Henry vii breaks from the catholic church due to the popes refusal to anull his marriage with catherine of aragon. it created the church of england, which henry vii was at the head of
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34 - basically people had to speak, think, and write kindly of the king and queen, and recognize king as head of church
35 - couldn't counterfeit kings seal, singlet, etc
40 - couldn't accept his marriage to anne of cleves as valid after its annullment
43 - treason commited outside england was tried inside england, which expanded his reach -
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treaty in the HRE that ushered in a short era of religious peace - said that each state would be the religion of its ruler -- but it had to be either lutheranism or catholicism. established lutheranism as a legal religion
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a habsburg, devout catholic, had many territories under his control, including the Netherlands, Southern Italy, and Burgundy.
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ended the 30 yrs war. recognized calvinism, established switzerland and dutch republic as independent, established state sovereignty (state has power to govern itself), weakened HRE, shifted power dynamics.