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Indian Claims Commission Act
This event was a way for Native American to gain U.S. goverment assistance, due to property being taken over and multiple treaties being broken over time. This created a bridge between the Indian tribes, and the U.S. government to repay for their wrong doings. This was nethier a civil disobedience or self defense due to it being a government "guilt gift". -
Mendez v. Westminster
A federal court case between Mexican American families suing to end segregation due to thier children having to go to a seperate school. This was a similar version to the Brown v. Board of Education case, but shifting focus toward Mexican American struggle in active acts of segregation the ideology of "Seperate But Equal". This was seen as nethier a Civil Desobedience or Self-Defense. -
Founding of the American GI Forum
This event was group of veteran fighting again discrimination for veteran rights, and more specifically Mexican Americans. This was significant due to it being a huge part in promoting Hispanic civil rights, and spoke again white supremacy toward veterans specifically. This was not considered a civil desobedience or self defense due to it being an organized matter between those involve. -
Desegregation of the Military
After WW2 African American veterans still faced discrimination due to many aspects, such a desegregation in the military. President Truman ended this matter in the Army, and this took a big step toward society for this minority group. This also influenced integration both positively and negatively in other aspects like schools. This was nether a civil disobedience nor self defense due to it being a executve action. -
Brown v. Board of Education
The case of Brown v. Board of Education was a true turning point for the minority group African Americans. This was supreme court decision to de-segregate schools due to it being unconstitutional. This overall led to more progress in gaining African American rights, and was a legal challenge and can be seen as a self defense against the government. -
Hernandez v. Texas
The Supreme Court case of Hernadex v. Texas that recognized Mexican Americans as a protected class under the 14th Amendment. This overall, extended civil rights protections to Hispanic Americans.
This was considered nether a civil disobedience or self-defense due to it being a legal challenge. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama, boycotted city buses to protest segregation. Catalyzed the modern civil rights movement and led to desegregation of public transit.
THis was considered a civil disobedience Civil disobedience or self-defense?
Civil disobedience.
(1955-1956) -
Presidential Commission on the Status of Women
The Federal commission established to examine and address gender inequality for the minority group of women. Overall this raised awareness and led to policy recommendations for women’s rights during this era. This was considered nether a civil disobedience or self defense due to it being a governmental action. -
American Indian Chicago Confrence
This was a gathering of Native Americans across the U.S. to specifically decalare Indian purpose as a minority group during this time of civil rights activity against the white suppremacy. This overall unified the Native voices and showed the future activist their is hope to thier actions and for their minority. This is not considered a civil disobedience or self defense due to it being an organized matter amongst the group. -
The Feminine Mystique Published
The Fimine Mystique Published was Betty Friedan’s book that overall challenged traditional roles and started to inspire the second wave of feminism.
This significantly sparked a widespread of activism for women’s equality through this literary work
This was neither considered a civil disobedience or self- defense due to it being a cultural/literary activism. -
Selma to Montgomery Marches and Voting Rights Act
The Selma to Montgomery Marches and Voting Rights Act overall demanded voting rights for African Americans, which met with violent resistance; led to passage of the Voting Rights Act. This gave security federal protection for voting rights for this specific minority groups. This was considered a civil disobedience due to marching but this can also be considered self defense due to the fact of facing violence while marching. -
Albuquerque Walkout
The Albuquerque Walkout was a Mexican American delegate protest that lacked the representation at a conference. This overall, marked the beginning of the Chicano Movement for this minority group. This was considered a civil disobedience due to the walkout being a protest. -
Bilingual Education Act
The bilingual Education Act was the first federal law supporting bilingual education for Spanish-speaking students.This addressed the educational inequality and cultural rights that not only Hispanics faced but all minority groups. This was considered neither a civil disobedience or self defense due to it being a legislative reform. -
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
The Assassinaiton of Martin Luther King Jr. was a major civil rights leader during this eram, and was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. This really marked a turning point, sparking riots and accelerating calls for justice in the black community. This was considered neither a civil disobedience or self defense due to is being an act of violence against a civil rights leader. -
Occupation of Alcatraz
Between 1969 and 1971 many native activists occupied Alcatraz Island to protest federal policies and demand the return of land. This overall sparked a new era of Native American activism and brought national attention to indigenous rights.
This was considered a civil disobedience due claiming goverment land/property. -
Title IX of the Education Amendments
The Title IX of the Education Amendments prohibited the sex discrimination in federally funded education for women. This really transformed opportunities for women in education and sports.This was neither a civil disobedience or self defense due to it being a legislative reform. -
Roe v. Wade
The court case of Roe vs. Wade was a huge Supreme Court decision recognizing women’s constitutional right to abortion. This case still makes impacts to us today and was bought up again a few years ago!
This is a landmark for reproductive rights that many political leaders use as tactics to win over. This was neither a civil disobedience or considered as self defense due to it being a legal challenge. -
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act
This act gave tribes more control over federal programs and services within the minority group.
This showcases how advanced tribal sovereignty and self-governance was utalized in this minority group during the civil rights era. This was neither a civil disobedience or a act of self-defense due to it being a legislative reform. -
Voting Rights Act Amendments
The voting rights act amendments overall expanded voting protections to language minorities.This brought awareness and seeked help to ensure equal voting access for Hispanic and other minority groups.
Civil disobedience or self-defense? This was considered nether a civil disobedience or self defense due to it being a legislative reform. -
National Immigration Reform Protests
The National immigration Reform Protests had millions marched nationwide for immigrant rights and against restrictive legislation.
This overall demonstrated the power and unity of Hispanic and immigrant communities.This was considered a civil disobedience. -
Dakota Access Pipeline Protests (Standing Rock)
This protest started with Native American activists and allies protesting the pipeline construction threatening water and sacred land. This really highlighted the ongoing struggles for indigenous land and environmental rights despite the civil rights movement boom in earlier years and the re-surface do the issue.This was considered a civil disobedience but contains some self defense due to element usage for land/water. -
#MeToo Movement
The Me too movement was a massive social movement against sexual harassment and assault.
This overall led to cultural and legal changes regarding gender-based violence.This was considered a civil disobedience due it being a series of protest and public disclosures. -
Black Lives Matter Protests
The Balck Lives Matter Protest were a nationwide protests against police brutality and systemic racism, sparked by the killing of George Floyd. This gained a renewed focus on racial justice and police reform during the 21st century. This was considered a civil disobedience due to protest but can bee seen as self defense due to some encounters with police officers and individual conflict/confrontations.