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Period: to
Timespan
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Flexner Report
The Flexner Report reforms U.S. medical education, setting the foundation for standardized medical training and hospital accountability (Duffy, 2011). -
Joint Commission Founded
The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH, now The Joint Commission, or TJC) is established, beginning formal evaluation of hospital performance (Marjoua Bozic, 2011). -
Medicare & Medicaid Enacted
These federal programs introduce the need for accountability in publicly funded healthcare (Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, n.d.). -
Donabedian’s Model
Avedis Donabedian introduces the Structure-Process-Outcome framework, revolutionizing quality assessment (Gavin, 2016). -
Peer Review Organizations
Medicare creates Peer Review Organizations, or PROs, to monitor the quality of care delivered to beneficiaries (Marjoua Bozic, 2012). -
Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set Launched
The National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) introduces HEDIS to measure and compare health plan performance across the country (NCQA, 2023). -
Medicare Modernization Act
Introduces value-based purchasing and quality reporting requirements (Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, n.d.). -
Affordable Care Act
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) mandates public reporting and ties reimbursement to quality metrics like the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) (Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, n.d.). -
COVID-19 & Telehealth Expansion
The pandemic accelerates telehealth adoption and real-time, remote monitoring for quality care continuity (NCQA, 2023). -
National Health Equity Scorecard
Proposed quality metric: Standardized nationwide reporting on disparities across race, ethnicity, geography, and socioeconomic status. -
Predictive Quality Metrics Using AI
Proposed metric: Real-time, AI-based quality prediction system that flags potential adverse events before they occur.