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On May 5, 1789, the Estates General met to resolve the crisis in France. The Third Estate, at a disadvantage, proclaimed itself a National Assembly on June 17. After being expelled, they swore on a tennis court not to secede until they had a constitution (Piezza Oath, June 20). The king accepted, but mobilized troops, increasing fears of repression.
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On July 14,1789,Parisians stormed the Bastille, a prison symbolizing royal tyranny.The people,suffering from poverty and injustice, feared repression as the king sent troops.They took the fortress in search of weapons.Although it held few prisoners, the event became a symbol of freedom and the people’s power in the French Revolution.The storming of the Bastille was one of the most important events in the Frech Revolution.France celebrate the Bastille Day, nowadays the national holiday of France.
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On August 4, 1789, during the French Revolution, the National Assembly passed the August Decrees. These laws ended feudalism in France. Nobles lost their special rights, and the Church could not take tithes anymore. All people became equal, and unfair taxes were stopped. This happened because peasants were angry and protested. The Decrees helped create equal rights for all.
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The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was written in 1789 during the French Revolution. This document says all men are born free and equal with rights like liberty, property, and safety. It also says everyone should be equal before the law and have freedom of speech and religion. The Declaration limits government power to protect citizens.This text was inspired by thinkers like Rousseau and Montesquieu, and earlier documents like the 1776 Virginia Declaration.
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King Louis XVI and his family tried to escape from Paris because they didn’t trust the revolution and didn’t like its attacks on the Church. With help, they wanted to go to a safe place near Germany. But their plan failed because a postman saw the king and told the police. They were caught and sent back to Paris. This made people stop hoping for a king with less power and want a republic instead.
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On April 20, 1792, France declared war on Austria. The Girondins wanted to protect the Revolution and stop the old king from coming back. They said Austria was helping enemies of the Revolution. Some people, like Robespierre, didn’t want war because France wasn’t ready. But the king agreed, and the war started. At first, it went badly for France. The war made problems inside the country worse and made people want to end the monarchy.
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On August 10, 1792, many revolutionaries attacked the Tuileries Palace in Paris, where King Louis XVI lived. They killed his guards, and the king ran to the Assembly for help.
People were angry because France was losing the war and thought the king was helping the enemy. That day, armed citizens (called sans-culottes) took the palace. The king was arrested and sent to prison. This event ended the monarchy and started the republic. -
King Louis XVI was killed with the guillotine on January 21, 1793, in Paris. He was found guilty of helping France’s enemies during the Revolution. Many people didn’t trust him anymore. After his death, the monarchy ended, and the First French Republic began. Thousands of people watched the execution. It showed how much France was changing.
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Maximilien Robespierre was one of the main leaders of the French Revolution. He was very powerful during the Reign of Terror, a time when many people were killed if they were seen as enemies of the Revolution. At first, many people supported him, but later they thought he had too much power and acted like a dictator.On July 27, 1794, Robespierre was arrested and called an outlaw. The next day, July 28, he and 21 of his followers were executed by guillotine in Paris.
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Napoleon won a big battle near a town called Austerlitz. He tricked the Austrian and Russian armies by acting weak and leaving a hill called the Pratzen Heights. When the enemy attacked, he used his strong army to hit the center and beat them. What happened after: • The Third Coalition ended. • Austria lost land and signed peace. • The Holy Roman Empire ended. • France became very strong in Europe.