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100
Epitaph of Sicylo
It is the oldest surviving piece of music with musical notation, found on a tomb in Turkey and believed to have been written in ancient Greece. -
Period: 476 to 1492
Middle Age
The Middle Age is the period between the fall of the Roman Empire of occident (476) to the America discover(1492). -
680
Gregorian chant
It is a form of monophonic Christian liturgical music that developed during the early centuries of Christianity. It is primarily attributed to Pope Gregory I. -
992
Guido d'Arezzo
An Italian monk and music theorist. He invented the system of musical notation using the syllables "ut-re-mi-fa-sol-la," which later became the solfège system. -
1098
Bernart de Ventadorn
A medieval Provençal troubadour known for his love songs and musical compositions that influenced medieval poetry and music. -
1098
Hildegard von Bingen
A German nun, mystic, writer, and medieval composer. Her musical works are among the most important of the Middle Ages, and she is known for her visions and contributions to theology and medicine. -
1135
Leonin
A Franco-Flemish composer from the 12th century, known as one of the early major figures in polyphonic vocal music and a key figure in the Notre Dame school. -
1155
Perotin
A Franco-Flemish composer of the 13th century, known for his innovative work in developing polyphony. -
Period: 1170 to 1310
Ars antiqua
A musical style that developed in medieval Europe, characterized by more complex polyphony compared to Gregorian chant. -
1221
Alfonso X the Wise
King of León and Castile, known for being a great patron of the arts, particularly music. He was responsible for the compilation of the "Cantiga de Santa María," one of the largest collections of medieval music. -
Period: 1280 to
Renaissance
It is a broad cultural movement that took place in Western Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries.1 It was a transitional period between the Middle Ages and the early modern period. -
1300
Guillaume de Machaut
A medieval French composer and poet, one of the most important figures of the Ars Nova, known for his motets, masses, and polyphonic music. -
1325
Francesco Landini
An Italian composer and organist from the Middle Ages, a key figure in the Italian Ars Nova and famous for his madrigals. -
1400
Johannes Gutenberg
A German inventor known for his invention of the movable-type printing press, which allowed for the mass dissemination of music and other texts in Europe. -
Period: 1400 to 1500
Ars nova
A musical movement that emerged in the early 14th century, introducing the use of more complex rhythms and greater freedom in musical notation. -
1468
Juan de Encina
A Spanish poet and composer from the Renaissance, known for his villancicos and theatrical works, influencing the development of popular music in Spain. -
1483
Martin Lutero
A German theologian and composer, known for starting the Protestant Reformation. He also wrote hymns that influenced liturgical music. -
1500
Cristóbal de Morales
A Spanish Renaissance composer, one of the most important figures in sacred music of his time. -
1510
Antonio de Cabezón
A Spanish composer and organist from the Renaissance, known for his works for keyboard and his influence on instrumental music of the period. -
1525
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
An Italian composer from the Renaissance, known for his influence on the development of polyphonic vocal music. -
1532
Orlando di Lasso
A Franco-Flemish composer from the Renaissance, noted for his skill in composing sacred and secular music, mastering polyphony. -
1533
Andrea Gabrieli
An Italian composer from the Renaissance, brother of Giovanni, who was also an innovator in both instrumental and vocal music, influencing his nephew Giovanni. -
1544
Maddalena Casulana
An Italian composer from the Renaissance, one of the first women to publish music in Europe, and an important figure in vocal music -
1548
Tomás Luis de Victoria
A Spanish composer from the Renaissance, considered one of the greatest masters of late Renaissance music, especially in sacred music. -
1557
Giovanni Gabrieli
An Italian composer from the Renaissance, known for his innovative use of sound in compositions for multiple choirs and instruments. -
1566
Carlo Gesualdo
An Italian composer from the late Renaissance, known for his passionate madrigals and harmonic innovations. -
1567
Claudio Monteverdi
An Italian composer of the transition between the Renaissance and Baroque periods, famous for his innovations in opera and sacred music. -
Giacomo Carissimi
An Italian composer from the Baroque period, known for his contributions to the development of oratorio and sacred music. -
Barbara Strozzi
An Italian composer and singer from the Baroque period, known for her vocal works, particularly cantatas and arias. -
Stradivarius
Antonio Stradivari was an Italian luthier, known for creating some of the most famous and valuable violins in the world. -
Henry Purcell
An English Baroque composer, known for his sacred and secular music, and for his opera "Dido and Aeneas". -
Antonio Vivaldi
An Italian Baroque composer, famous for his concertos, particularly "The Four Seasons". -
Georg Philipp Telemann
A German Baroque composer, one of the most prolific figures of his time, with over 3,000 works to his name. -
Georg Friedrich Händel
A German composer, naturalized British, known for his work in vocal and operatic music, especially his oratorio "Messiah". -
Johann Sebastian Bach
A German Baroque composer, one of the greatest musicians of all time, known for his mastery in both instrumental and vocal music. -
Christoph Willibald Gluck
A reformer of opera, Gluck emphasized dramatic clarity and simplicity, influencing the classical opera tradition. -
J. Haydn
Known as the "father of the symphony," Haydn's compositions shaped Classical music, especially in chamber music and orchestral works. -
Nannerl Mozart
The talented older sister of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, she was a gifted pianist and composer but largely overshadowed by her brother. -
W.A. Mozart
A prolific and influential composer, Mozart created iconic works across all genres, defining the Classical era. -
Beethoven
A pivotal figure in music history, Beethoven bridged the Classical and Romantic periods with his symphonies, sonatas, and innovations. -
Olivier Messiaen
A French composer known for his highly original, often spiritual music, incorporating birdsong and complex rhythms. -
Pierre Schaeffer
A French composer and musicologist, Schaeffer was a pioneer of musique concrète, focusing on recorded sound as music. -
John Cage
An American composer known for his experimental music and use of chance, including the groundbreaking piece 4'33". -
Pierre Henry
A French composer and innovator in electronic music, he collaborated with Schaeffer in the development of musique concrète. -
Philip Morris Glass
An American composer known for his minimalist style, Glass’ works like Einstein on the Beach are defined by repetitive structures.