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France was in a period of political,economic, and social crisis. Louis XVI convened the Estates-General,an assembly made up of the three social classes: each class had one vote,this made the privileged win.Then,the peasants revolted.After ward, they swore(the Tennis Court Oath)not to secede until they created a constitution.The Assembly officially declared itself the National Constituent Assembly to annul the Ancien Régime and establish a new constitution.Afterwards many changes became possible.
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King Louis XVI called an assembly to resolve France's financial crisis.The Third Estate opposed the idea of an orderly vote,as it would result in the First and Second Estates winning by a majority vote, even though the Third Estate represented a larger portion of the population.Therefore, the Third Estate insisted on voting by head.Disagreement over voting procedures led to the formation of the National Assembly, which was against the king's will, marking the outbreak of the French Revolution. -
The Third Estate knew that any attempt at reform would defeat them in the elections before the privileged. On June 20, they felt excluded from the Versailles assembly hall and thought that the king was forcing them to disband. So the Third Estate moved to a nearby indoor tennis court. There, they swore not to secede until a written constitution for France was established. King Louis XVI finally relented and on June 27 ordered the privileged to join the Third Estate in the National Assembly. -
This was an important event during the French revolution in which the revolutionaries disagreed with the treat of the king. Also, they thought the rulers didn't give them enough freedom to live . And obviously, they were also against the monarchy. They then decided to attack the fortress prison in Paris. The consequence was that this ended in a massive rebellion, in which many people joined to fight for justice and freedom, basically the reasons for the French Revolution. -
Augustus's decrees tried to calm the people by removing feudal privileges, but this required a sum of money, with which the Third Estate was not satisfied. Meanwhile, a period of panic was occuring, in which the peasants believed the nobles were organizing a conspiracy (they wanted to punish the people for their rebellion). The peasants then fired castles and burned feudal documents. Finally, in 1973, feudal rights were completely abolished. -
It is an important document that establishes rights and freedoms for everyone.It was written by revolutionaries(with ideas from French Enlightenment thinkers),who sought to eliminate the injustices of the ancien régime (absolute monarchy and privileges of the nobility). The rights the document establishes are:no one is born with more rights than another and everyone is equal before the law; çfreedom to own private property; freedom to rebel against injustice and freedom of religion. -
It was the new French parliament created by the Constitution (the king continued to exist, but with powers limited by a constitution). It was created when the National Constituent Assembly was dissolved. With this change, France became a more democratic state.It was composed of 745 deputies (it was a completely new group, since the previous deputies could not participate in the new parliament). Only men with some wealth voted. The deputies were grouped according to their ideas.
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The situation for King Louis XVI and his family became worst.Although he was still the monarch,he hadn't have power and lived under surveillance in Paris.So,he wanted to escape from Paris with his wife, ,and his children.He wanted to reach the Austrian border,where he could still get help to organize a counterrevolution(to restore the absolute monarchy).His family was arrested in the city of Varennes and forced to return to Paris.After this, people felt that the king had betrayed the revolution. -
The Legislative Assembly wasn't doin something, so the National Convention was created (here all men could vote, even if they were poor), which had King Louis XVI executed. It fought against enemies (Austria, Prussia, and rebels). It established a revolutionary government with the Jacobins (who were right-wing) and Robespierre.Then the regime of terror began . The guillotine also began to be used against enemies of the revolution. Finally, Robespierre was executed and the Regime of Terror ended.
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Many European countries faced revolutionary France.
A political group actively promoted war to export the revolutionary ideals.
Some nobles had left France and were looking for support to restore the absolute monarchy.
Leopoldo II of Austria demanded that France restore the monarchy. The revolutionaries saw this as a threat, so the Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria. King Louis XVI agreed, hoping that a French defeat would restore the monarchy. Finally, France won this war. -
Where the French royal family lived,under obligation and vigilance.The situation in France was difficult.Many believed that King Louis XVI was collaborating with enemies to end the Revolution.Furthermore,France was at war with Austria and Prussia,who threatened to destroy Paris if the king was harmed.The popular classes of Paris stopped trusting the monarchy.Thousands of armed citizens,(including Guard members)went to the Tuileries Palace to set it on fire.Finally,the king's power was suspended -
He was killed because,at first,he accepted some changes of the republic,but secretly he tried to restore his absolute power.Furthermore,he and his family tried to escape to Austria looking for help for the counterrevolution,but they were captured.Afterward,people viewed him as a traitor.They also discovered that he had contact with other kingdoms to restore the absolute monarchy.So,the revolutionaries began to believe that they had to kill him.They guillotined him (he was convicted of betrayal). -
He was one of the most important leaders of the Revolution.He was a lawyer and politician
and a member of the Jacobin group. He had approximately 16,000 people executed by guillotine. He believed that terror was necessary to protect the Revolution. Many began to fear him because
he had too much power.He gave a speech saying that he had a list of traitors,so people began to fear him even more.He was arrested by his enemies.
He attempted to kill himself with a gun. The next day,he was guillotined. -
It was the political regime that governed after the Reign of Terror and before Napoleon's coup d'état.It was a moderate republic(avoiding the excesses of absolute monarchy and Jacobin radicalism).It had a liberal constitution.Executive power was in the hands of five directors.The legislative power was divided.There were constant changes and internal conflicts in politics.Moreover,France was at war with other European monarchies that wanted to stop the revolution and there was an economic crisis.
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It was a republic, but Napoleon held almost all the power.The Constitution established a government with three consuls: Napoleon, Jean-Jacques, and Charles-François.Executive power was in the hands of the three consuls (mainly vested in Napoleon).
There were also four legislative bodies, but with little power.He stabilized the economy. He reconciled with the Catholic Church.He won important battles and achieved greater peace with Europe with the Treaty of Amiens.Napoleon established the Empire. -
Napoleon proclaimed himself Emperor of France.He conquered much of Europe,won many battles,and came to control countries(Italy,Spain,Germany,etc.).He created the Napoleonic Civil Code(a set of modern laws on property, family, and rights).In 1812,he attempted to invade Russia,but the cold and lack of food forced them to surrender.A group of European countries(England,Russia,Prussia,Austria...)united against him;they wanted to take away all of Napoleon's power and the European countries succeeded.
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It was a battle between Napoleon's French Empire and the Russian Empire and the Austrian Empire.Napoleon applied one of his strategies,he showed weakness on his right flank to attract the allies.When they attacked,believing he was bad positioned,Napoleon launched a counterattack in the center,surrounding his enemies.It was a victory for Napoleon losing fewer than10,000 men,while his enemies lost between25,000and30,000.So,the Austrian emperor sued for peace,and the Treaty of Pressburg was signed. -
Napoleon wanted to invade Great Britain. To do so, they had to defeat England's powerful ships.A Spanish fleet was sent into the Atlantic to attract the British away from the Channel, but the British followed close behind.The battle was between Uk (Nelson),27 ships of the line, and France and Spain 33 ships of the line.The battle took place off Cape Trafalgar(near Cadiz).Nelson did not face in a parallel line; he divided his fleet into two columns to break the enemy line,it made the British won. -
After his failed invasion of Russia,Napoleon now faced a group of enemy countries.All of them wanted to stop France's dominance over Europe. France and its allies faced off against Russia,Austria,russia,and Sweden.This was the largest battle in Europe before World War I.It lasted four days. Napoleon fought and resisted, but because the other side had many more soldiers,it was impossible to continue.This marked the beginning of the end of the Napoleonic Empire. -
Napoleon had been defeated and sent to the island of Elba.But a year later,he escaped and returned to France,where he returned to power for100days.The countries of Europe didn't want him to rule again,so they went to stopped him.The battle was between France and the Seventh Coalition.Napoleon tried to defeat the opposing armies before they united.Napoleon was defeated cause the other side had many more soldiers.He was then captured and sent into exile on the island of Saint Helena,where he died.