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Bourbon Reforms
In order to restore the center of power to the Spanish in their home country rather than in America, many Jesuits were expelled -
First Mission Established
The first mission is established in San Diego, beginning the rise of Catholicism throughout the state of California -
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Spanish Missions
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Syphilis Outbreak
About one-third of the Tonga tribe contracts the disease after many of their members were raped by Mission San Gabriel soldiers -
Indian Revolt at Mission San Gabriel
Led by Shaman Toypurina, Indians revolt against the mission due to their constant abuse and mistreatment -
Measles Epidemic
Due to never experiencing the disease, many Indian tribes were wiped out, as their immune systems had no way of combating the disease. -
Spanish Constitution Established in the Missions
Created a constitution al monarchy that said that sovereignty belongs to the people -
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Mexico's California
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Chumash Revolt
After a Spanish soldier beats a Chumash tribesman, word spreads and the Chumash at multiple missions burned buildings, fought Spanish soldiers, and seized control. -
Secularization Act
Stated that all neophyte families were to receive missions land. After al the land was redistributed, the remaining land was given to American colonists. This Act resulted in a boom for the hide and tallow industry -
Pre-emption Act
Stated that Americans can squat on "unused land" and claim 160 acres for themselves, regardless of who owned the land, if it was not properly surveyed. -
California-Mexico War
After years of revolts and coups, war finally is declared between California and Mexico -
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The Gold Rush
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Treaty of Cahuenga
Put an end to the California Mexico War -
James Marshall Discovers Gold
Starts the Gold Rush -
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California Statehood and Expansion
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Indian Hunts
Governor Burnett sanctions $1.1 million to American who join militias and hunt Indians -
Land Act
Created land commissions to review grant claims. It also required Californios to file their claims within two years, or else they would lose their land -
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Tract Lands Opened for Development
Paved the way for the construction of infrastructure -
Pacific Railroad Act
Promoted the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad -
Transcontinental Railroad Opens
Allowed for better transportation between the country and simplifying migration -
Los Angeles Massacre
Whites enter Chinatown and kill 25 to 30 innocent Chinese. Meant as a scare tactic, and resulted in many Chinese fleeing California -
First Cable Car Operates in San Francisco
Allowed for better transportation throughout the city, and making it easier for people to commute from the suburbs to their jobs. -
Irish Americans win seats in California
Rewrote the state constitution and stripped Chinese of the right to become American citizens -
Mussel Slough Tragedy
Railroad workers and policemen kill 7 people at a picnic they believed were squatters -
Hydraulic Mining
High pressure water is used to mine for gold. The process was easier and faster than panning. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
Meant to deter Chinese immigration, it banned Chinese workers from immigrating and also stopped Chinese immigrants in the US from being able to become citizens -
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Progressive Era
Aimed at: fighting corruption, giving voters more power, giving workers protection, and giving women more rights -
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Early 20th Century
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Graft Trials
Public trials of San Francisco city officials as well as the Spring Valley Water Co, who installed clay pipes instead of iron. This resulted in the pipes bursting during the 1906 Earthquake and there being lack of water to put out fires. -
Formation of Good Government Leagues
Established to ensure that the government was for the people and not businesses. -
Women's Suffrage in California
Enforces the Progressive Movement in California -
Alien Land Act
Prevented aliens ineligible for citizenship, who were primarily Japanese, from obtaining land. Loopholes would be created such as the children of the immigrants buying the land or creating corporations. -
Home Teacher Act
Helped immigrants adjust to American life. Teachers would visit immigrant homes and teach them how to adopt an American lifestyle -
Child Labor Ban
Children under the age of 14 were ineligible to work. The only exception was in agriculture. -
18th Amendment Passes
Prohibition. The amendment made the selling of alcohol illegal -
Johnson-Reed Act
Set quotas on how many people from each country could migrate to the US and excluded all Asian countries from being able to immigrate -
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The Great Depression
Stock market crash caused a 10 year period of financial volatility and economic decline -
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Dust Bowl
Over-tilled land combined with long drought and high temperatures caused topsoil to turn to dust and spread throughout the south in states like Oklahoma and Texas. Many residents fled out west to California. -
The Grapes of Wrath
John Steinbeck publishes the novel that, while fictional, detailed the experiences that many families faced while leaving their homes to go out west during the dust bowl -
Labor Shortages
The beginning of World War II caused many labor shortages, as many men were enlisting to fight for their country. -
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World War II and Postwar Effects
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FDR signs Executive Order 8802
Signed to stop discrimination of black people from obtaining jobs. It also created the Fair Employment Practices Committee as an overseer that the Order is followed. -
Pearl Harbor
Japanese launch a surprise aerial attach on Pearl Harbor, leading to the US joining World War 2. This also caused many Hawaiians to immigrate to California in order to seek jobs. -
FDR signs Executive Order 9066
Signed after the attacks at Pearl harbor. It allowed the military to remove anyone they deemed a threat from certain areas. This led to the incarceration of over 120,000 Japanese people and placed them in internment camps -
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Bracero Program
California brings over Mexicans to work in agriculture while men are off during World War II -
Zoot Suit Riots
Young Mexican Americans in Los Angeles wearing zoot suits were attacked by sailors, resulting in multiple injuries. This brought forth tension because the police would usually arrest the ones being attacked, rather than the sailors -
Chinese Exclusion Act Repealed
The act was repealed in an effort to mitigate Chinese discrimination -
Korematsu vs United States
Fred Korematsu refused to go to Japanese internment camp and was arrested. The Supreme Court ruled that internment was legal during wartime as it provided national security. -
Mendez vs Westminster
Gonzalo Mendez sues the Westminster school district due to racism and discrimination against Mexican American students. The Court rules in his favor and schools in California are desegregated. This case was crucial to the victory in Brown vs Board of Education -
Burns-Porter Act
$1.75 billion bond measure that was used to construct dams and pipelines. This allowed for water to be redistributed to all of California -
Fair Employment Practices Act
Prohibited employers and labor unions from discriminating against workers -
Unruh Civil Rights Act
Prohibited discrimination by businesses, allowing those discriminated against to sue for damages in state courts. -
Freeway and Expressway Act
$10.5 billion measure to build freeways for transportation. Freeways built included the 405, 5, 10, 210, and 605. -
State Spending on UC's More Than Doubles
This showed an emphasis on education in California -
Donohoe Act
Created the Master Plan for higher Education, which led to the inception of a three-tiered system of higher education (California Community Colleges, UC, and CSU systems) -
Rumford Fair Housing Act
Prohibited discrimination in public housing and apartment buildings with more than five units -
Watts Riots
African Americans protested against racial discrimination and social injustices. Over 14,000 National Guard troops had to be sent to stop the riots -
Hart-Cellar Act
Removed racial quotas and allowed more people to immigrate if they had family ties -
March from Delano to Sacramento
Led by Cesar Chavez, farmworkers marched 250 miles from Delano to Sacramento to demand better pay and work conditions -
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Modern California
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Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART)
Transit system opened to stop traffic in the bay area and help people commute from the suburbs to the city -
Proposition 187
Made it possible for local and state officials to investigate immigration status of people receiving public aid.