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Mesopotamia and Egypt: music was used to religion and power. We see the first musical notation and professional musicians. Instruments they used: harps, lyres, flutes Greece: music was connected to maths and philosophy, for example, Pythagoras studied musical sound and proportions. Music had an educational and moral goal and it was mainly monophonic. Instruments: lyre and aulos Rome: romans adopted Greek musical culture. Music was used in shows, wars and festivals
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There was no writing, so music was transmitted orally, music was made for magical and social things like hunting or funerals. It was monophonic Rhythm was very important and they used primitive instruments like bones, reed flutes or drums
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Sacred music: it was the gregorian chant, they sung in latin and without instruments. It was monophonic, the musical notation developed. Secular music: minstrels and troubadours. The themes were:
Love, Heroic deeds The polyphony appeared -
Music became more balanced and harmonious there were a great development of polyphony. It was sacred and secular music.
Vocal forms: madrigal and villancico
Instruments: Lute and viola da gamba -
Music was very ornamented and expressive. The Opera was born. The instrumental music was very important. Musical forms: concerto, sonata, fugue
Composers: bach, vivaldi, handel -
Music was clear, balanced and structured. Development of symphony, sonata and string quartet The orchestra was very important
Composers: mozart, haydn and beethoven -
Music expressed strong emotions and feelings, the creative freedom increased and appeared larger orchestras. We see nationalism in music.
Composers: chopin, schubert, liszt and wagner -
It breaks traditional rules. Many styles appeared like
impressionism, expressionism or twelve-tone music, also appeared new genres like jazz, rock, pop and electronic music -
Fusion of styles, digital production and streaming dominate, global music and no single dominant style