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After over one hundred years of foreign occupation, Poland re-emerges as a nation in the aftermath of the Treaty of Versailles.
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Soviet forces push the Polish armies west, many predicted a Soviet victory, however when Józef Piłsudski counterattacked from the south, the Red Army was completely routed. Lenin called it "an enormous defeat". It secured Poland's independence.
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Karol Józef Cardinal Wojtyła is chosen by his fellow cardinals to succeed Pope John Paul I. He takes the name John Paul II (Lat: Ioannes Paulus II; Pol: Jan Paweł II). He is regarded as one of the greatest popes of the last century. He promulgated the Catechism of the Catholic Church and helped end Communism.