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law forcing native tribes to move west of the Mississippi led to the trail of ears. -
Thousands of Cherokee were forced west many died from cold, hunger, and disease. -
Created reservations, limiting native land and movement. -
Guaranteed Sioux land in the Black Hills, later broken when gold was found. -
Sioux and Cheyenne defeated U.S. troops, defending their land. -
Divided tribal land into individual plots, reducing native land ownership. -
U.S. soldiers killed over 250 Sioux, ended native armed resistance. -
restored some self government and tribal land to native nations. -
Gave Native Americans similar rights as U.S. citizens while respecting tribal laws. -
Protected native people's right to practice traditional religions.