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927 BCE
Abd al-Rahman III declares himself caliph.
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912 BCE
Abd al-Rahman III rises to power, challenges Arab leaders.
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756 BCE
Abd al-Rahman, the last Umayyad prince, takes over Muslim Spain.
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750 BCE
Abbasids overthrow the Umayyads.
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750 BCE
Umayyads retain control over Spain.
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711 BCE
Muslims conquer Spain.
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652 BCE
Islam spreads to Syria, Palestine, Iran, Egypt, and North Africa.
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628 BCE
Muhammad and his followers peacefully take control of Mecca.
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622 BCE
Muhammad flees to Yathrib (later called Medina); this marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
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612 BCE
Muhammad begins preaching Islam to the public.
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610 BCE
Muhammad receives his first revelation from the angel Gabriel.
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570 BCE
Muhammad is born in Mecca.
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632
Muhammad dies; his father-in-law, Abu Bakr, becomes the first caliph.
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661
li, the fourth caliph, is assassinated; the Umayyad dynasty begins.
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933
All of Muslim Spain is united under Abd al-Rahman III.