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The French secretly sent weapons to the Patriots since early 1776 while the British were still weakened by the French and Indian War.
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Friedrich von Steuben, a Prussian captain and talented drillmaster, began to train American troops the art of war.
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The British had retreated from Boston, moving the war to the Middle states. The British wanted to stop the rebellion by isolating New England. The British decided to take New York City.
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General William Howe and Admiral Richard Howe, joined forces on Staten Island. They sailed to New York with the largest British expeditionary force ever assembled.
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Washington and his 23,000 troops were forced out of New York following heavy loses after being outnumbered..
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A man named, Michael Graham described the chaotic retreat from New York.
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Washington and his men were pushed across the Delaware River. Fewer then 8,000 men remained under his control
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Albigense Waldo Had been working as a surgeon at Valley Forge. American troops pushed out of Philadelphia by the British, had to occupy makeshift tents under freezing and harsh snowy whether, the camp was named Valley Forge
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Washington sailed 2,400 of his men over the Delaware River. They marched mine miles to Trenton, New Jersey guarded by drunk Hessians. Washington surprised the enemy, killed 30 men, and captured 918.
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Washinton and his army rallied after their chrismas victory marched to Princeton and beat the 1,200 British stationed there.
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Burgoyne surrounded by Gates he surrendered his weakened army at Saratoga
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The French supported American Independence and signed a treaty of cooperation
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a brave, idealistic 20-year-old French aristocrat, offered to help out in the war. He joined Washington’s staff, was at Valley Forge, lobbied for French reinforcements in France in 1779, and led a command in Virginia in the final years of the war
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A British expedition easily took Savannah, Georgia
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In 1780, General Henry Clinton, who had replaced Howe in New York, with Charles Cornwallis sailed south with 8,500 men
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In their greatest victory of the war, the British captured Charles Town, South Carolina, in May 1780 and marched 5,500
American soldiers off as prisoners of war. -
Cornwallis’s army destroyed American forces at Camden, South Carolina
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Americans chased the British red-coats down the countryside and when the American troops met at Cowpens alothough the Americans were outnumbered the British were surprised that the American soldiers didn't back down and forced the British to surrender
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Angry with defeat at Cowpens, Cornwallis attacked Greene at Guilford Court House, North Carolina. However, he lost a good chunk of his troops
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Greene feared losing the battle for the south so he wrote a letter to Lafayette for help
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American troops were finally paid with the help of Morris and Salomon in specie, or gold coin
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Colonel William Fontaine of the Virginia militia stood with both the
American and French armies on a road near Yorktown,
Virginia, to witness British surrender on the afternoon of October 19, 1781 -
Washington along with french generals assembled to accept British surrender
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A defeated Cornwallis raised a white flag and surrendered
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Talk of peace began in 1782. 4 nations were present, France, the United States, Spain, and Britain. France supported American independence, the United States wanted independence, Britain doesn't want to fully break away from the United States, and Spain wants land between the Appalachian mountains and Mississippi River.
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Delegates signed the Treaty of Paris, which assured U.S. independence and set the boundaries of the new nation. The United States now stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River and from Canada to the Florida border.
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In 1781, the Congress appointed a rich Philadelphia merchant
named Robert Morris as superintendent of finance -
In the spring 1777, General Howe began his campaign to seize the American capital at Philadelphia.
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The British after defeat at Saratoga, switched battle strategy. They moved to the south in order to gain loyalist support and work their way back up north.
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With Washington's army almost wiped out and the terms of their enlistment, Washington needed a victory to keep his men from going home.
