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The Early Middle Ages began with the fall of Rome
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Emperor Kammu ruled Japan from 781 to 806. He is known for strengthening the government and moving the capital from Nara to Heian-kyō (now Kyoto). His reign began the Heian period, a time of peace and growth in Japanese culture, art, and literature.
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In 794 the Emperor Kammu moved the imperial capital from Nara to Heian-kyo, now known as Kyoto. This signified the beginning of the Heian period (794–1185CE). During this time, many of the foundations of Japan’s development were laid. Japanese society broke away from the strong influences of, and connections with China. Japanese art and culture began to flourish.
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Charlemagne was crowned as holy roman emperor by Pope Leo III in Rome.
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The Norman Conquest led by William the Conqueror in 1066 CE led to the creation of France, England and Germany. Disagreements within the catholic church led to a serious split within the church. There were lots of fights between Christian armies and the Islamic empire over holy places such as Jerusalem. these wars are known as the Crusades.
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The battle took place between the Norman troops commanded by the duke or Normandy and the Anglo-Saxon forces under King Harold Godwinson.
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Pope Urban II delivers the speech at the Council of Clermont, calling for the First Crusade. This speech urged Christians to take up arms and reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.
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The Second Crusade, led by European kings like Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany, ends in disappointment with failed attempts to recapture territories lost to the Muslims.
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Philip II of France, Richard I of England (The Lionheart) and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor lead the Third Crusade. They took back many territories from Saladin but failed to win back Jerusalem.
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The Minamoto Shogunate was Japan’s first military government, started by Minamoto no Yoritomo in 1192. It marked the beginning of samurai rule and moved power from the emperor to the shogun. The government was based in Kamakura, and it set up a feudal system where samurai served their lords in exchange for land and protection.
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Famines and Plagues killed millions of people. poor people began to revolt against unfair laws and conditions. this was a period of civil unrest.
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Pope Innocent III declares the Fourth Crusade to take back Jerusalem
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Started by a French child named Stephen of Cloyes. Tens of thousands of children gathered to march to the Holy Land. This ended in total disaster. None of the children made it to the Holy Land and many were never seen again. They were likely sold into slavery.
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The Magna Carta was signed in a meadow called Runnymede.
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Over the next several years there would be 5 more Crusades. None of them would be very successful in terms of gaining control of the Holy Land.
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The Ashikaga Shogunate was Japan’s second military government, started by Ashikaga Takauji in 1338. It ruled from Kyoto and continued the system of samurai control. However, it was a time of weak leadership and many wars between powerful lords. This period helped shape Japan’s culture, including art, tea ceremony, and Zen Buddhism.
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Johannes Gutenberg who is a German goldsmith, invented the first moveable type printing press in Europe.
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King Henry VIII ruled England which involved the separation of the church of England from the authority of the Pope in Rome.
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King Henry the VIII initiated the process of starting the Church in England.
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The Tokugawa Shogunate was Japan’s last military government, started by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1603. It brought peace and stability after many years of war. The government ruled from Edo (now Tokyo) and tightly controlled the country for over 250 years. During this time, Japan was mostly closed to the outside world, and culture, art, and cities grew.