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Mechanical machines invented by the Greek mathematician and engineer Heron of Alexandria that imitated living beings and performed automatic actions using mechanisms involving ropes, pulleys, gears, and the use of steam and water pressure. -
Leonardo da Vinci designs a mechanical knight that can sit and move its arms, considered one of the earliest designs for a robot. -
Karel Čapek introduces the word “robot” in his play “R.U.R.,” sparking debate about the ethics and nature of robots. -
The first robot considered as such, in terms of a controlled mechanical device that could perform specific tasks, is Unimate. -
It was the first mobile, general-purpose robot with artificial intelligence developed at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI International). -
It was the first robot used in surgery. It was designed to assist orthopedic surgeons during operations. This system worked using voice commands to manipulate and position the patient's leg with precision, thus alleviating the need for a human assistant to hold the limb in an uncomfortable position for long periods of time. -
Honda introduces ASIMO, a humanoid robot capable of walking and recognizing speech, representing major advances in robotics. -
The Sojourner rover is launched, becoming the first robot to explore the surface of Mars and demonstrating the application of robotics in space exploration. -
PARO is a therapeutic robot seal designed to have a calming effect and elicit emotional responses in patients in hospitals, nursing homes, etc. It is similar to animal-assisted therapy, except that it uses robots. -
The first collaborative robots, or cobots, designed to work closely with humans, are developed. -
The DARPA Challenge accelerates the development of driverless cars, the basis for mobility robotics. -
Apple launches Siri, one of the first artificial intelligence assistants, marking the beginning of a new era in human-machine interaction. -
SoftBank launches Pepper, a robot capable of reading facial expressions and human emotions. -
Sophia is a humanoid robot created by Hanson Robotics, designed to mimic human expressions and interactions. -
Robots such as da Vinci Xi are entering a new generation, performing minimally invasive surgeries with greater precision, supported by artificial intelligence algorithms for real-time assistance.