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Se considera la canción completa más antigua conservada, está inscrita en una columna de mármol, colocada sobre la tumba que Sícilio había hecho para su esposa Euterpe en la ciudad que ahora es Turquía. -
Es un canto monódico, cantado a capella y en latín (lo creó el papa Gregorio Magno), se canta en celebraciones religiosas de tipo cristiano -
Guido de Arezzo fue un monje benedictino y teórico musical italiano que constituye una de las figuras centrales de la música de la Edad Media junto con Hucbaldo. -
Hildegard von Bingen , también conocida como la Sibila del Rin, fue una abadesa benedictina alemana y erudita que se dedicó a la escritura, la composición musical, la filosofía, el misticismo y el visionismo, además de ser escritora y practicante de medicina durante la Alta Edad Media. -
Léonin fue el primer compositor importante conocido de organum polifónico. Probablemente era francés, vivió y trabajó en París, en la catedral de Notre-Dame, y fue el primer miembro conocido de la escuela de polifonía de Notre Dame y del estilo ars antiqua, gracias al escritor conocido como Anónimo IV. -
Bernart de Ventadorn fue un trovador occitano, poeta y compositor de la época clásica de la poesía trovadoresca. Considerado generalmente como el trovador más importante tanto en poesía como en música, sus 18 melodías conservadas de un total de 45 poemas conocidos son las que más han sobrevivido de todos los trovadores del siglo XII. -
Pérotin fue un compositor asociado con la escuela de polifonía de Notre Dame en París y con el estilo musical más amplio del ars antiqua de la música medieval alta. Se le atribuye el desarrollo de las prácticas polifónicas de su predecesor Léonin, con la introducción de armonías a tres y cuatro voces. -
Música polifónica, con un sistema de notación musical avanzado (notación mensural), alguna s figuras clave fueron Léonin y Pérotin. -
Nacido en Toledo en 1221, Alfonso X era hijo del rey Fernando III el Santo y de Beatriz de Suabia. Desde pequeño, mostró gran interés por la cultura y el saber, y recibió gran educación en diversos campos, incluyendo la literatura, la historia, la astronomía y el derecho. -
Guillaume de Machaut fue un compositor y poeta francés que fue la figura central del estilo ars nova en la música medieval tardía. Su dominio del género es tal que los musicólogos modernos utilizan su muerte para separar el ars nova del movimiento posterior ars subtilior. -
Fue un periodo de innovación musical, caracterizado por la polifonía, una gran libertad y variedad rítmica. Creada por Guillaume de Machaut. -
Francesco Landini fue un compositor, organista, cantante, poeta, constructor de instrumentos y astrólogo italiano. Fue uno de los compositores más famosos y admirados de la segunda mitad del siglo XIV y sin duda el compositor más famoso en Italia. -
Johannes Gutenberg, fue un orfebre alemán, inventor de la prensa de imprenta moderna con tipos móviles, hacia 1450. Wikipedia -
Juan de Fermoselle, fue un poeta, músico y autor teatral del renacimiento español en la época de los Reyes Católicos. -
Martín Lutero, fue un teólogo, filósofo y fraile católico agustino que comenzó e impulsó la Reforma protestante en Alemania y cuyas enseñanzas inspiraron la doctrina teológica y cultural denominada luteranismo. -
Cristóbal de Morales, fue un sacerdote católico español y maestro de capilla siendo el principal representante de la escuela polifonista andaluza y uno de los tres grandes, junto a Tomás Luis de Victoria y Francisco Guerrero, de la composición polifónica española -
Antonio de Cabezón, el organista y compositor para instrumentos de tecla más ilustre de la Europa del Renacimiento y uno de los compositores más insignes de la historia musical española. -
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina fue un compositor italiano renacentista de música sacra y el representante más conocido de la Escuela romana de composición musical del siglo XVI. -
Orlando di Lasso, fue un compositor francoflamenco del Renacimiento tardío. Junto con Palestrina y Victoria, está considerado como uno de los compositores más influyentes del siglo XVI. -
Andrea Gabrieli fue un compositor y organista italiano de finales del Renacimiento. Tío del quizás más famoso compositor Giovanni Gabrieli, fue el primer miembro de renombre internacional de la Escuela Veneciana de compositores. Tuvo gran influencia en la difusión del estilo veneciano tanto en Italia como en Alemania. -
Maddalena Casulana fue una compositora, intérprete de laúd y cantante italiana del Renacimiento tardío. Fue la primera mujer compositora que tuvo un volumen entero exclusivo de su música impresa y publicada en la historia de la música occidental. -
Tomás Luis de Victoria fue un sacerdote católico, maestro de capilla y célebre compositor polifonista del renacimiento español. Se le ha considerado uno de los compositores más relevantes y avanzados de su época, con un estilo innovador que anunció el inminente barroco -
Giovanni Gabrieli fue un compositor y organista italiano, nacido y muerto en Venecia. Uno de los más influyentes músicos de su época, representa la culminación de la escuela veneciana, enmarcándose en la transición de la música renacentista a la música barroca. -
Carlo Gesualdo, príncipe de Venosa y conde de Conza, fue un compositor italiano, una de las figuras más significativas de la música de finales del Renacimiento con madrigales intensamente expresivos y piezas de música sacra con un cromatismo que no volverá a escucharse hasta finales del siglo XIX. -
Christoph Willibald Gluck, knighted in 1756, was a German composer from the Bohemia region of the Czech Republic. He is considered one of the most important opera composers of the Classical period in the second half of the 18th century. -
Franz Joseph Haydn, known as Joseph Haydn, was an Austrian composer. He is one of the leading figures of the Classical period, as well as being known as the “father of the symphony” and the “father of the string quartet” thanks to his important contributions to both genres. -
Maria Anna Walburga Ignatia Mozart, also known as Nannerl and Marianne, was a famous musician of the 18th century. She was the older sister of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and daughter of Leopold and Anna Maria Mozart. -
Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, better known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was a composer, pianist, conductor, and teacher of Austrian origin, from the former Archbishopric of Salzburg. -
Maria Theresia von Paradis was an Austrian pianist and composer. Although she lost her sight completely at the age of three, this did not prevent the work of this great pianist, singer, and composer from continuing to shine. -
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer, conductor, pianist, and piano teacher. His musical legacy spans, chronologically, from Classicism to the early Romantic period. -
Gioachino Rossini was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber music and piano pieces, and some sacred music. -
Franz Peter Schubert, known as Franz Schubert, was an Austrian composer of the early Romantic period who continued the classical sonata tradition following the model of Ludwig van Beethoven. -
Louis Hector Berlioz was a French composer and a leading figure of Romanticism. His best-known work is the Symphonie fantastique, premiered in 1830. -
Felix Mendelssohn, whose full name was Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, was a German composer, conductor, and pianist of Romantic music, a member of the same family as pianist and composer Fanny Mendelssohn and philosopher Moses Mendelssohn. -
Frédéric François Chopin was a French-Polish composer, virtuoso pianist, and teacher, considered one of the most important in history and one of the greatest representatives of musical romanticism, who wrote mainly for solo piano. -
Robert Schumann was a 19th-century German composer, pianist, and music critic, considered one of the most important and representative composers of Romantic music. Schumann abandoned his law studies with the intention of pursuing a career as a virtuoso pianist. -
Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, conductor, poet, essayist, playwright, and music theorist of the Romantic period. He is best known for his operas, in which, unlike other composers, he also took charge of the libretto and stage design. -
Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi was an Italian Romantic opera composer, one of the most important of all time. His work serves as a bridge between the bel canto of Rossini, Bellini, and Donizetti, and the verismo movement and Puccini. -
Clara Wieck, known as Clara Schumann, was a German pianist, composer, and piano teacher. She was one of the great European concert pianists of the 19th century, and her career was instrumental in promoting the compositions of her husband, Robert Schumann. -
Bedřich Smetana was a composer born in Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic, although during his lifetime it was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was a pioneer in the development of a musical style that became closely linked to Czech nationalism. -
Johannes Brahms was a German Romantic composer, pianist, and conductor, considered the most classical of the composers of that period. Born into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna. -
Modest Mussorgsky was a Russian composer and member of “The Five.” His works include the opera Boris Godunov, the symphonic poem Night on Bald Mountain, and the piano suite Pictures at an Exhibition. Mussorgsky was an innovator of Russian music during the Romantic period. -
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He is the author of some of the most famous classical music works in the current repertoire, such as the ballets Swan Lake -
Antonín Leopold Dvořák was a post-Romantic composer born in Bohemia, then part of the Austrian Empire. He was one of the first Czech composers to achieve worldwide recognition and one of the great composers of the second half of the 19th century. -
Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov was a Russian composer, conductor, and teacher who was a member of the group of composers known as The Five. -
Edvard Hagerup Grieg, commonly referred to as Edvard Grieg, was a Norwegian composer and pianist, considered one of the leading representatives of late Romanticism. -
Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini, better known simply as Giacomo Puccini, was an Italian opera composer, considered one of the greatest of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was a visionary, creator of the musical concepts that would govern cinema throughout the 20th century. -
Hugo Filipp Jakob Wolf was an Austrian composer of Slovenian origin who lived in Vienna during the late 19th century. An enthusiastic follower of Richard Wagner, he became involved in the disputes that existed in Vienna at that time between Wagnerians and formalists or Brahmsians. -
Gustav Mahler was an Austro-Bohemian composer and conductor whose works, along with those of Richard Strauss, are considered the most important of the post-Romantic period. In the first decade of the 20th century, Gustav Mahler was one of the most important orchestra and opera conductors of his time. -
Béla Viktor János Bartók, known as Béla Bartók, was a Hungarian musician who excelled as a composer, pianist, and researcher of Eastern European folk music. He is considered one of the greatest composers of the 20th century. -
Achille Claude Debussy was a French composer, one of the most influential of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Some authors consider him the first impressionist composer, although he categorically rejected the term. -
Sibelius is a music notation software, i.e., a comprehensive program for writing, playing, printing, and publishing music scores. -
Arnold Schönberg was an Austrian composer, music theorist, and painter of Jewish origin. After emigrating to the United States in 1934, he adopted the name Arnold Schoenberg, which is how he is usually referred to in English-language publications and around the world. -
Joseph Maurice Ravel was a French composer of the 20th century. His work, often linked to impressionism, along with his contemporary Claude Debussy, also displays a bold neoclassical style. -
Manuel de Falla y Matheu was a Spanish composer of musical nationalism, one of the most important of the first half of the 20th century, alongside Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Joaquín Turina, and Joaquín Rodrigo, and one of the most important Spanish composers of all time. -
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky was a Russian composer and conductor and one of the most important and influential musicians of the 20th century. His long life allowed him to experience a wide variety of musical trends. -
Joaquín Turina Pérez was a Spanish composer and musicologist who represented nationalism in the first half of the 20th century. Manuel de Falla, Isaac Albéniz, and Turina composed the most important works of impressionism in Spain. His most important works are Danzas fantásticas (Fantastic Dances) and La procesión del Rocío (The Procession of El Rocío). -
Zoltán Kodály was a prominent Hungarian musician whose musical style first went through a post-Romantic Viennese phase and then evolved into his signature style: a blend of folklore and complex 20th-century harmonies, shared with Béla Bartók. -
Heitor Villa-Lobos was a Brazilian conductor and composer. His music was influenced by both Brazilian folk music and European classical music. He received some musical instruction from his father. -
George Gershwin was an American musician, composer, and pianist. His music is characterized by combining classical music and jazz. -
Olivier Messiaen he was a prominent French composer, organist, teacher, and ornithologist of the 20th century, renowned for his unique musical language based on the Catholic faith, complex rhythms, and birdsong. He was an influential figure in modern classical music and a teacher to composers such as Pierre Boulez and Karlheinz Stockhausen. -
Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer was a French composer. He is considered the creator of concrete music. He is the author of the book entitled Treatise on Musical Objects, in which he sets out his entire theory on this type of music. -
Franz Liszt was an Austro-Hungarian Romantic composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, piano teacher, arranger, and lay Franciscan. His Hungarian name was Liszt Ferencz, according to modern usage Liszt Ferenc, and from 1859 to 1865 he was officially known as Franz Ritter von Liszt. -
John Milton Cage Jr., known professionally as John Cage, was an American composer, music theorist, artist, and philosopher. A pioneer of aleatoric music, electronic music, and the non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading figures of the postwar avant-garde. -
Pierre Henry was a French musician, considered, along with Pierre Schaeffer, to be the creator of
so-called concrete music and one of the godfathers of electroacoustic music. -
Philip Glass is an American minimalist classical music composer. He studied at the Juilliard School in New York. His international recognition grew following the premiere of his opera Einstein on the Beach.