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1500
Josquin Des Prex (140-1521)
Josquin was one of the most influential composers of the Renaissance.
Major influences: Early Renaissance composers.'
Notable Works: Ave Maria.. Virgo serena, Missa pange lingua
Considered Franco-Flemish
LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josquin_des_Prez -
1500
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-1594)
Major influences: Renaissance polyphony
Notable works: Missa Papae Marcelli, Missa Regina Coeli
He is often considered the greatest composers of sacred musician the Renaissance
From: Italy LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina -
1500
Orlando di Lasso (1532-1594)
Lasso was a prolific composer who wrote in a variety of Genres, including sacred music, madrigals, and chansons. He is considered Franco-Flemish
Major influences: Josquin Des Prez
Notable works: Psalterium Omne, Lagrime di San Pietro, numerous motets and madrigals. LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_di_Lasso -
1500
Sacred Polyphony
This style involved the simultaneous use of multiple independent melodic lines. It was primarily used in religious music, particularly in the Catholic Church.
Prominent Composers: Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Josquin Des Prez- Complex polyphonic textures
- Emphasis on clarity and beauty of sound
- Focus on the text and its meaning
- Often used in Mass settings and motets
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1500
Chanson
A French secular song for that was popular during the Renaissance. Chansons could be monophonic, polyphonic, or both. Prominent composers: Josquin Des Prez, Clement Janequin.- Often based on poetry, either in French or in other languages *Can range from simple, homophonic settings to complex polyphonic works *Some Chansons, like those by Janequin, are programmatically descriptive, depicting scenes or stories LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanson
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1500
Madrigal
A secular vocal genre that originated in Italy. Madrigals are characterized by their expressive texts, often dealing with love, nature, and mythology. Prominent composers: Carlos Gesualdo, Claudio Monterverdi *Emphasis on text painting, where music imitates the meaning of the words
* Use of chromaticism and dissonance to express emotion
*Often performed by Small groups of singers LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrigal -
1560
Kyrie from Pope Marcellus Mass by Palestrina (Renaissance)
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Flow My Tears by John Dowland (Renaissance)
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William Byrd (1543-1623)
William Byrd is from England. Byrd was one of the most important English composers of the renaissance.
Major influences: Early English composers such as John Taverner and Thomas Tallis.
Noteable Works: Gradualia, Cantiones, Sacrae. LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Byrd -
Fugue
A contrapuntal composition in which a single theme is introduced successively in different voices.
Prominent Composers: Johann Sebastian Bach, Johann Pachelbel
*Subject: The Main them of the fugue
* Answer: A Variation of the subject in a different voice
*Counter-subject: A secondary theme that accompanies the subject
*Stretto: Overlapping of subjects and answers, creating a dense polyphonic textures.
LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugue -
Concerto
A musical composition typically involving a solo instrument or group of instruments contrasted with an orchestra.
Prominent Composers: Antonio Vivaldi, Johann Sebastian Bach
*Ritornello from: A recurring musical theme that alternates with solo passages
*Virtuosic Solo Parts: Showcasing the technical brilliance of the soloist
Dynamic Contrast: Alternating Between loud and soft passages.
LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerto -
Opera
A dramatic work in which music, vocal and instrumental, is essential to the presentation.
Prominent Composers: George Frideric Handel, Claudio Monteverdi
*Arias: Solo songs that express emotion
*Recitatives: Dialogue-like sections that advance the plot
*Elaborate Stage sets and costumes: Creating a theatrical spectacle
*Castrati: Male singers who were castrated before puberty to preserve their high vocal range.
LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera -
As Vesta was Descending by Thomas Weelkes (Renaissance)
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Henry Purcell- Hark! The Echoing Air (Baroque era)
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George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) From Germany
Handel was a prolific composer who wrote in many genres, including operas, oratorios, and instrumental music.
Major influences: Georg Muffat, Alessandro Scarlatti
Notable works: Messiah, Water music, Music for the Royal fireworks. LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel -
Antonia Vivaldi (1678-1741) From Italy
Vivaldi was a virtuoso violinist and one of the most influential composers of the Baroque era.
Major influences: Arcangelo Coreli, Alessandro Scarlatti
Notable works: The four seasons, Numerous concertos for Violin and orchestra, opera. LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi -
Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757) From Italy
Scarlatti was a master of keyboard music, and his sonatas are considered some of the most technically demanding and musically reward works in the Baroque repertoire.
Major influences: Domenico Gabrielli
Notable works: His Keyboard Sonatas LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domenico_Scarlatti -
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
Bach is from Germany, He is considered one of the greatest composers of all time. His music is characterized by its technical brilliance, emotional depth, and religious stuff.
Major influence: Dietrich Buxtehude, Johann Pachelbel
Notable works: The Well-Tempered Clavier and the Art of Fugue LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach -
String Quartet
A musical ensemble consisting of two violins, a viola, and a cello.
Prominent Composers: Mozart, Joseph Haydn, Beethoven
*Chamber music:Intimate music
*interplay between instruments: Each instrument has an equal role in the esemble.
Exploration of Emotion and Expression: Often delivering into deeper emotional territory compared to earlier periods. LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_quartet -
Piano sonata
A multi-movement work for solo piano.
Prominent Composers: Mozart, Beethoven, Joseph Hadyn.
* Variety of forms: Exmploying various forms like sonata form, rondo form, and theme and variations
*Technical Demands: Requiring high levels of pianistic skill and dexterity
*Emotional Depth: Exploring a wide range of emotions, from joy and exuberance to sorrow and introspection
LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_sonata -
Symphony
A multi-movement work for orchestra
Prominent Composers: Mozart, Josepth Haydn, Beethoven.
*Four-movement structures: Typically consisting of a fast-slow-fast-slow movement structure.
*Balanced and Clear forms: Employing well-defined musical forms like Sonata form and rondo form
*Emphasis on Clarity and Balance: Prioritizing harmonic clarity and melodic simplicity
LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony -
George Frideric Handel- Hallelujah Chorus from The Messiah (Baroque)
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J. S. Bach- Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme from Cantata BWV 140 (Baroque)
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Eine kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music; 1787), K. 525 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Classical)
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Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Classical)
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) Austria
Mozart was a child prodigy who composed a lot of music from many different genres.
Major influences: Johann Christian Bach, Leopold Mozart
Notable works: The marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, The magic flute, Eine Kleine LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart -
Symphony No. 94 in G Major(Surprise; 1791) by Franz Joseph Haydn (Classical)
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Lied
A German art song, typically consisting of a poem set to music.
Prominent composers: Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms.
*Intense Expression: Focus on conveying the emotional depth of the poem
*Close relationship between music and text: The music enhances the meaning of the words
Piano Accompaniment: The piano plays an important role in creating the mood and atmosphere
LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lied -
Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) From Austria
Haydn was a prolific composer who is often called the "Father of Symphony." His music is characterized by its clarity, balance, and Humor!
Major influences: Johann Joseph Fux
Notable works: The creation, the seasons, string quartets, Symphonies LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Haydn -
Programmatic Music
Music that tells a story or evokes a specific image or emotion.
Prominent Composers: Franz liszt, Hector Berlioz, Richard Strauss
*Narrative structure: Music is often structured around a story or poem.
*Expressive harmony: Use of chromaticism and dissonance to convey emotion
*Vivid Orchestration: Creating a rich and colorful sound world
LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_music -
Ballad
A narrative piece for piano or orchestra, often based on a story or legend.
Prominent Composers: Frederic Chopin, Franz liszt
*Dramatic and expressive: Conveying a wide range of emotions, from passion and excitement to melancholy and despair.
*Virtuosic Pianism: Demanding technical skill and musicality
*Narrative structure: Often divided into sections that represent different parts of the story
LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballad_(disambiguation) -
Erlkönig (The Erlking), 1815 by Franz Schubert (romantic era)
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Die Forelle (The Trout; 1817) by Schubert (Romantic)
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Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) From Germany
Beethoven's music bridged the classical and romantic eras. His work is characterized by its emotional intensity, innovative harmonies, and rhythmic drive.
Major influences: Johann Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Notable Works: Symphony no.5, Symphony No.9, Piano Sonata no.14, Violin Concerto LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven -
Franz Schubert (1797-1828) from Austria
He was a prolific composer of Lieder.
Major Influences: Salieri, Haydn
Notable Works: Unfinished Symphony, The trout quintent. LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Schubert side note: sorry for short info didn't have time! -
Schubert, Piano Quintet in A Major (Trout) (Romantic)
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Frédéric Chopin (1810-1849) Poland
Chopin is one of the most influential composers of Piano music. His works are known for their expressive power, technical brilliance, and strong connection to Polish folk music.
Major influences:Johann Sebastian Bach, Mozart, and his father
Notable works: Nocturnes, Etudes, Ballades, Polonaises -
Franz Liszt (1811-1886) Hungary
Liszt was a virtuoso pianist and composer. His music is characterized by its virtuosity, emotional intensity, and innovative harmonic language.
Major influence: Mozart, Beethoven, and Carl Maria von Weber.
Notable works: Hungarian Rhapsodies, Transcendental Etudes, Piano concertos. LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Liszt -
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) Russia
He was a master of orchestral Music. His music is known for its beautiful melodies, lush harmonies, and dramatic intensity.
Major influences: Glika, Borodin, Rimsky-Korsakov
Notable works: The Nutcracker, Swan lake, Romeo and Juliet, 1812 overture -
Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) Germany
Brahms was a master of classical forms. His music is characterized by its depth, complexity, and emotional power.
Major influences: Johan Sebastian Bach, Mozart, Beethoven
Notable works: Symphonies, Piano concertos, Violin Concertos, String Quartets. LINK: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Brahms
