-
Guillaume de Machaut was a medieval French cleric, poet, and composer. His influence was enormous, and he is historically the leading exponent of the Ars nova movement, being considered the most celebrated composer of the 14th century. He contributed to the development of the motet and secular song. -
The Epitaph of Sicylus is the oldest surviving musical composition. It dates back to Greece and was found on a marble column placed over the tomb that Sicylus allegedly had built for his wife Euterpe, near Ephesus, in present-day Turkey. With this exercise, you'll be able to understand the score and decrypt each of the symbols. -
Gregorian chant is the proper liturgical chant of the Roman Catholic Church. Inherited from an ancient tradition, this musical repertoire was composed primarily from Latin verses from the Bible. -
Guido of Arezzo was an Italian Benedictine monk and music theorist who is one of the central figures of medieval music along with Hucbald.. -
Hildegard of Bingen was a German Benedictine abbess and polymath, active as a composer, writer, philosopher, scientist, naturalist, physician, mystic, monastic leader, and prophetess during the High Middle Ages. -
Léonin or Magister Leoninus is, along with Perotín, the first known composer of polyphonic organum, associated with the Notre Dame School. -
Bernart de Ventadorn, also known as Bernart de Ventadour and Bernard de Ventadorn, was a popular Provençal troubadour, composer, and poet. He is probably the best-known troubadour of the trobar leu style. -
Polyphonic music from a period that is not entirely specific but in any case prior to the 14th century, which developed particularly brilliantly in France and whose main manifestation was the polytextual motet. -
Perotin, called in French Pérotin le Grand or in Latin Magister Perotinus Magnus was a medieval French composer, who was born in Paris between 1155 and 1160 and died around 1230. Considered the most important composer of the Notre Dame School of Paris, where the polyphonic style began to take shape. -
Alfonso X of Castile, called the Wise, was the king of Castile and the other titled kingdoms between 1252 and 1284. Upon the death of his father, Ferdinand III the Saint, he resumed the offensive against the Muslims and occupied Jerez, Salé, the port of Rabat and conquered Cádiz. -
Designates the musical production, both French and Italian, after the last works of the ars antiqua until the predominance of the Burgundian school, which will occupy the first place in the musical panorama of the West in the 15th century. -
Francesco Landini or Landino was an Italian composer, organist, singer, poet, instrument maker, and astrologer. He was one of the most famous and admired composers of the second half of the 14th century and undoubtedly the most famous composer in Italy. -
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg, better known as Johannes Gutenberg or Johannes Gutemberg, was a German goldsmith, inventor of the modern printing press with movable type, around 1450. -
Juan de Fermoselle, better known as Juan del Encina (in the current spelling of his name) or Juan del Enzina (in the spelling of the time), was a poet, musician and playwright of the Spanish Renaissance during the time of the Catholic Monarchs. -
Martin Luther, born Martin Luder, was a theologian, philosopher, and Augustinian Catholic friar who began and promoted the Protestant Reformation in Germany and whose teachings inspired the theological and cultural doctrine known as Lutheranism. -
Spanish Catholic priest and chapel master, he was the main representative of the Andalusian polyphonic school and one of the three greats, along with Tomás Luis de Victoria and Francisco Guerrero, of Spanish polyphonic composition of the Renaissance. -
Antonio de Cabezón was a Spanish Renaissance organist, harpist and composer. -
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina was an Italian Renaissance composer of sacred music and the best-known representative of the Roman School of musical composition of the 16th century. -
Orlando di Lasso, also known as Orlandus Lassus, Roland de Lassus, Roland Delattre, or Orlande de Lassus, was a Franco-Flemish composer of the late Renaissance. Along with Palestrina and Victoria, he is considered one of the most influential composers of the 16th century. -
Andrea Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance. Uncle of the perhaps more famous composer Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of composers. He was greatly influential in spreading the Venetian style in both Italy and Germany. -
Maddalena Casulana was an Italian composer, lute player, and singer of the late Renaissance. She was the first female composer to have an entire volume of her music printed and published in the history of Western music. -
Tomás Luis de Victoria was a Catholic priest, choirmaster, and celebrated polyphonic composer of the Spanish Renaissance. He has been considered one of the most important and progressive composers of his time, with an innovative style that heralded the imminent Baroque. -
Giovanni Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist, born and died in Venice. One of the most influential musicians of his time, he represents the culmination of the Venetian school, marking the transition from Renaissance to Baroque music. -
Carlo Gesualdo, Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, was an Italian composer, one of the most significant figures in late Renaissance music, with intensely expressive madrigals and sacred music with a chromaticism that would not be heard again until the end of the 19th century.