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The Seikilos epitaph is an Ancient Greek inscription that preserves the oldest surviving complete musical composition, including musical notation.Commonly dated between the 1st and 2nd century AD -
Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song in Latin (and occasionally Greek) of the Roman Catholic Church. Gregorian chant developed mainly in western and central Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries, with later additions and redactions. Although popular legend credits Pope Gregory I with inventing Gregorian chant. -
Starts with the fallen of the occidental Roman Empire.
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was an Italian music theorist and pedagogue of High medieval music. A Benedictine monk, he is regarded as the inventor—or by some, developer—of the modern staff notation that had a massive influence on the development of Western musical notation and practice. -
known as the Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German Benedictine abbess and polymath active as a writer, composer, philosopher, mystic, visionary, and as a medical writer and practitioner during the High Middle Ages.[1][2] She is one of the best-known composers of sacred monophony, as well as the most recorded in modern history.[3] She has been considered by a number of scholars to be the founder of scientific natural history in Germany.[4] -
as an Occitan poet-composer troubadour of the classical age of troubadour poetry.Generally regarded as the most important troubadour in both poetry and music,his 18 extant melodies of 45 known poems in total is the most to survive from any 12th-century troubadour. -
was the first known significant composer of polyphonic organum. He was probably French, probably lived and worked in Paris at the Notre-Dame Cathedral and was the earliest member of the Notre Dame school of polyphony and the ars antiqua style who is known by name, thanks to the writer known as Anonymous IV. -
Pérotin, also known as Perotin the Great, was a medieval composer who lived around the late 12th and early 13th century. He is credited with developing polyphonic practices and is associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony. Pérotin is known for his compositions in the ars antiqua style, which includes works like "Viderunt omnes" and "Sederunt principes". His contributions to music, particularly in the development of organum triplum and quadruplum. -
Ars antiqua refers to a period in medieval music history, particularly during the High Middle Ages, characterized by the development of complex counterpoint and polyphonic music. This term is often associated with the innovations of the Notre-Dame school of polyphony and the early development of the motet, a highly varied choral composition. The term is used in opposition to Ars nova, which represents a more secular and innovative style of music that emerged later in the 14th century. -
Alfonso X commissioned or co-authored numerous works of music during his reign. These works included Cantigas d'escarnio e maldicer and the vast compilation Cantigas de Santa Maria ("Songs to the Virgin Mary"), which was written in Galician–Portuguese and figures among the most important of his works. The Cantigas de Santa Maria form one of the largest collections of vernacular monophonic songs to survive from the Middle Ages. -
was a French composer and poet who was the central figure of the ars nova style in late medieval music. His dominance of the genre is such that modern musicologists use his death to separate the ars nova from the subsequent ars subtilior movement.[8] Regarded as the most significant French composer and poet of the 14th century,[9][10] he is often seen as the century's leading European composer.[3] -
Ars Nova refers to a musical style that flourished in the Late Middle Ages, particularly in France, during the 14th century. It is characterized by innovations in rhythmic notation and polyphonic music, marked by the emancipation of music from the rhythmic modes of the preceding age. The term is derived from the Latin phrase "Ars Nova," meaning "New Art," and was first used in treatises by composers like Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. -
was a Florentine composer, poet, organist, singer and instrument maker, and a central figure of the music of the Trecento in the Italian peninsula. -
was a German inventor and craftsman who invented the movable-type printing press. Though movable type was already in use in East Asia, Gutenberg's invention of the printing press[2] enabled a much faster rate of printing. The printing press later spread across the world,[3] and led to an information revolution and the unprecedented mass-spread of literature throughout Europe. It had a profound impact on the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, and humanist movements. -
Juan del Encina is considered one of the founding figures of Spanish secular theater. He played a key role in the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance in Spain. He is best known for his eclogues (short pastoral plays in verse), which blend pastoral, religious, and romantic themes. He was also an important composer of polyphonic music and popular lyrical poetry. -
was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and former Augustinian friar.Luther was the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Lutheranism. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in Western and Christian history. -
It´s finish with the discover of America by Cristobal Colon in 1492
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It´s starts with the discover of America in 1492
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Spanish Catholic priest and chapel master, being the main representative of the Andalusian polyphonic school and one of the three greats, along with Tomás Luis de Victoria and Francisco Guerrero, of Spanish polyphonic composition of the Renaissance. His music is vocal and sacred, with only a couple of exceptions. He is probably the best Spanish composer of the entire first half of the 16th century, and his fame, which immediately spread throughout Europe, lasted for the following centuries. -
Celebrated organist, harpist, and composer of the Spanish Renaissance. Blind from an early age, he developed an exceptional musical sensibility that led him to become chamber musician to Charles V and Philip II. -
Italian Renaissance composer of sacred music and the best-known representative of the Roman School of musical composition of the 16th century. He had a lasting influence on the development of ecclesiastical and secular music in Europe, especially in the development of counterpoint, and his work is considered the culmination of Renaissance polyphony. -
was a composer of the late Renaissance. The chief representative of the mature polyphonic style in the Franco-Flemish school, Lasso stands with William Byrd, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, and Tomás Luis de Victoria as one of the leading composers of the later Renaissance. Immensely prolific, his music varies considerably in style and genres, which gave him unprecedented popularity throughout Europe. -
was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance. The uncle of the somewhat more famous Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of composers, and was extremely influential in spreading the Venetian style in Italy as well as in Germany. -
Casulana was the first woman in history to publish music under her own name, a groundbreaking achievement for her time. She mainly composed madrigals (polyphonic vocal music), and stood out in a male-dominated musical world. -
was the most famous Spanish composer of the Renaissance. was "admired above all for the intensity of some of his motets and of his Offices for the Dead and for Holy Week".His surviving oeuvre, unlike that of his colleagues, is almost exclusively sacred and polyphonic vocal music, set to Latin texts. As a Catholic priest, as well as an accomplished organist and singer, his career spanned both Spain and Italy. -
was an Italian composer and organist. He was one of the most influential musicians of his time, and represents the culmination of the style of the Venetian School, at the time of the shift from Renaissance to Baroque idioms. -
was an Italian nobleman, composer, and murderer. Though both the Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, he is better known for writing madrigals and pieces of sacred music that use a chromatic language not heard again until the late 19th century. He is also known for killing his first wife and her aristocratic lover upon finding them in flagrante delicto. -
Monteverdi is considered a pioneer of opera and one of the most important figures in the early Baroque. He helped transform music by bringing more emotion, drama, and contrast into vocal compositions. His works mark the shift from the older polyphonic style to the newer monodic and dramatic style. -
Carissimi was a key figure in the development of the oratorio, a musical form similar to opera but usually on sacred themes. He also composed cantatas and motets, and helped shape early Baroque vocal music. He worked mainly in Rome, where he had a major influence as a teacher and composer. -
Strozzi was one of the most important female composers of the 17th century. She published eight volumes of music — mostly secular vocal works like arias and cantatas — more than any other woman of her time. She was known for her expressive and emotional style. -
Stradivari is considered the greatest violin maker in history. His instruments, known as Stradivarius violins, are prized for their exceptional sound quality and craftsmanship. They are still used and admired by top musicians today. -
Purcell is considered one of England’s greatest composers. He blended English musical traditions with Italian and French Baroque styles, creating a unique and expressive sound. He composed music for the church, the royal court, and the theater. -
Vivaldi is one of the most important composers of the Baroque era. He is best known for his violin concertos, especially his most famous work: The Four Seasons. He wrote hundreds of concertos, as well as operas and sacred music. -
lemann was one of the most prolific composers in history, writing over 3,000 works in nearly every musical genre of his time. He was highly respected by his contemporaries, including Bach and Handel, and was more famous than Bach during his lifetime. -
is considered one of the greatest composers in Western music history. He was a master of counterpoint and wrote music in many forms, including cantatas, fugues, concertos, and oratorios. His music combined deep emotion with technical perfection. -
Handel is best known for his oratorios, especially the famous Messiah, which includes the "Hallelujah" chorus. He also composed operas, concertos, and orchestral suites. He spent most of his career in England and became a key figure in British musical life. -
in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate.
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was a German composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period,he gained prominence at the Habsburg court in Vienna. There he brought about the practical reform of opera's dramaturgical practices for which many intellectuals had been campaigning. With a series of radical new works in the 1760s, among them Orfeo ed Euridice and Alceste, he broke the stranglehold that Metastasian opera seria had enjoyed for much of the century. -
was a composer of the Classical period. He was pivotal in the evolution of chamber music forms like the string quartet and piano trio.[1] His contributions to musical form have led him to be called "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String quartet". -
was a highly regarded musician from Salzburg. In her childhood, she developed into an outstanding keyboard player under the tutelage of her father Leopold. She became a celebrated child prodigy and went on concert tours through much of Europe with her parents and her younger brother Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. At age 17, her career as a touring musician came to an end, though she continued to work at home teaching piano and performing on occasion. -
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his brief life, his rapid pace of composition and proficiency from an early age resulted in more than 800 works representing virtually every classical genre of his time. . Mozart is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music, with his music admired for its "melodic beauty, its formal elegance and its richness of harmony and texture" -
was an Austrian musician and composer who lost her sight at an early age, and for whom her close friend Mozart may have written his Piano Concerto No. 18 in B-flat major. She was also in contact with Salieri, Haydn, and Gluck. -
German composer and pianist. One of the most revered figures in the history of Western music, his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire and span the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic era. -
was an Italian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. He gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber music and piano pieces and some sacred music. -
was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short life, Schubert left behind a vast oeuvre, including more than 600 Lieder (art songs in German) and other vocal works, seven complete symphonies, sacred music, operas, incidental music, and a large body of piano and chamber music. -
was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century. The purpose of the movement was to advocate for the importance of subjectivity, imagination, and appreciation of nature in society and culture in response to the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution.
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was a French Romantic composer and conductor. His output includes orchestral works such as the Symphonie fantastique and Harold in Italy, choral pieces including the Requiem and L'Enfance du Christ, his three operas Benvenuto Cellini, Les Troyens and Béatrice et Bénédict, and works of hybrid genres such as the "dramatic symphony" Roméo et Juliette and the "dramatic legend" La Damnation de Faust. -
widely known as Felix Mendelssohn,[n 2] was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions include symphonies, concertos, piano music, organ music and chamber music -
was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic period who wrote primarily for solo piano. He has maintained worldwide renown as a leading composer of his era whose "poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation". -
was a German composer, pianist, and music critic of the early Romantic era. He composed in all the main musical genres of the time, writing for solo piano, voice and piano, chamber groups, orchestra, choir and the opera. His works typify the spirit of the Romantic era in German music. -
was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor and teacher of the Romantic period. With a diverse body of work spanning more than six decades, he is considered to be one of the most prolific and influential composers of his era, and his piano works continue to be widely performed and recorded. -
was a German composer, theatre director, essayist, and conductor, best known for his operas, although his mature works are often referred to as music dramas. Unlike most composers, Wagner wrote both the libretti and the music for all of his stage works. -
He was an Italian Romantic opera composer, one of the most important of all time. His work serves as a bridge between the bel canto of Rossini, Bellini, and Donizetti, and the verismo movement and Puccini. -
was a German pianist, composer, and piano teacher and prodigy. Regarded as one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic era, she exerted her influence over the course of a 61-year concert career, changing the format and repertoire of the piano recital by lessening the importance of purely virtuosic works. -
was a Czech composer who pioneered the development of a musical style that became closely identified with his people's aspirations to a cultural and political "revival". He has been regarded in his homeland as the father of Czech music. -
was a German composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor of the mid-Romantic period. His music is noted for its rhythmic vitality and freer treatment of dissonance, often set within studied yet expressive contrapuntal textures. -
was a Russian composer, one of the group known as "The Five." He was an innovator of Russian music in the Romantic period and strove to achieve a uniquely Russian musical identity, often in deliberate defiance of the established conventions of Western music. -
Was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally. Tchaikovsky wrote some of the most popular concert and theatrical music in the classical repertoire, including the ballets Swan Lake and The Nutcracker, the 1812 Overture, his First Piano Concerto, Violin Concerto, the Romeo and Juliet Overture-Fantasy, several symphonies, and the opera Eugene Onegin. -
was a Czech composer. He frequently employed rhythms and other aspects of the folk music of Moravia and his native Bohemia, following the Romantic era nationalist example of his predecessor Bedřich Smetana. -
was a Norwegian composer and pianist. He is widely considered one of the leading Romantic era composers, and his music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwide. -
as a Russian composer, a member of the group of composers known as The Five. His best-known orchestral compositions—Capriccio Espagnol, the Russian Easter Festival Overture, and the symphonic suite Scheherazade—are staples of the classical music repertoire, along with suites and excerpts from some of his fifteen operas. Scheherazade is an example of his frequent use of fairy-tale and folk subjects. -
was an Italian composer known primarily for his operas. Regarded as the greatest and most successful proponent of Italian opera after Verdi,[2] he was descended from a long line of composers, stemming from the late Baroque era. Though his early work was firmly rooted in traditional late-nineteenth-century Romantic Italian opera, it later developed in the realistic verismo style, of which he became one of the leading exponents. -
was an Austrian composer, particularly noted for his art songs, or Lieder. He brought to this form a concentrated expressive intensity which was unique in late Romantic music, somewhat related to that of the Second Viennese School in concision but diverging greatly in technique. -
was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer he acted as a bridge between the 19th-century Austro-German tradition and the modernism of the early 20th century -
was a French composer. He is sometimes seen as the first Impressionist composer, although he vigorously rejected the term. He was among the most influential composers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. -
was a Finnish composer of the late Romantic and early modern periods. He is widely regarded as his country's greatest composer, and his music is often credited with having helped Finland develop a stronger national identity when the country was struggling from several attempts at Russification in the late 19th century -
was an Austrian and American composer, music theorist, teacher and writer. He was among the first modernists who transformed the practice of harmony in 20th-century classical music, and a central element of his music was its use of motivic processes as a means of coherence. He propounded concepts like developing variation, the emancipation of the dissonance, and the "unity of musical space". -
was a French composer, pianist and conductor. He is often associated with Impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, although both composers rejected the term. In the 1920s and 1930s Ravel was internationally regarded as France's greatest living composer. -
was a Spanish composer and pianist. Along with Isaac Albéniz, Francisco Tárrega, and Enrique Granados, he was one of Spain's most important musicians of the first half of the 20th century. He has a claim to being Spain's greatest composer of the 20th century, although the number of pieces he composed was relatively modest. -
was a Hungarian composer, pianist and ethnomusicologist. He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century; he and Franz Liszt are regarded as Hungary's greatest composers. -
was a Russian composer and conductor with French citizenship (from 1934) and American citizenship (from 1945). He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the 20th century and a pivotal figure in modernist music. -
was a Spanish composer of classical music.His works include the operas Margot (1914) and Jardín de Oriente (1923), the Danzas fantásticas (1919, versions for piano and orchestra), La oración del torero (written first for a lute quartet, then string quartet, then string orchestra), chamber music, piano works, guitar pieces and songs. -
was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, music pedagogue, linguist, and philosopher. He is well known internationally as the creator of the Kodály method of music education. -
was a Brazilian composer, conductor, cellist, and classical guitarist described as "the single most significant creative figure in 20th-century Brazilian art music". Villa-Lobos has globally become one of the most recognizable South American composers in music history. A prolific composer, he wrote many orchestral, chamber, instrumental and vocal works, totaling over 2,000 works. -
was an American composer and pianist whose compositions spanned jazz, popular and classical music. Among his best-known works are the songs "Swanee" (1919) and "Fascinating Rhythm" (1924), the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue (1924) and An American in Paris (1928), the jazz standards "Embraceable You" (1928) and "I Got Rhythm" (1930) and the opera Porgy and Bess (1935), which included the hit "Summertime". -
was a French composer, organist, and ornithologist. One of the major composers of the 20th century, he was also an outstanding teacher of composition and musical analysis. -
was a French composer, writer, broadcaster, engineer, musicologist, acoustician and founder of Groupe de Recherche de Musique Concrète (GRMC). His innovative work in both the sciences—particularly communications and acoustics—and the various arts of music, literature and radio presentation after the end of World War II, as well as his anti-nuclear activism and cultural criticism garnered him widespread recognition in his lifetime. -
was an American composer and music theorist. A pioneer of indeterminacy in music, electroacoustic music, and non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading figures of the post-war avant-garde. -
was a French composer known for his significant contributions to musique concrète. -
is an American composer and pianist. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential composers of the late 20th century.[1][2][3][4] Glass's work has been associated with minimalism, being built up from repetitive phrases and shifting layers.[5][6] He described himself as a composer of "music with repetitive structures",[7] which he has helped to evolve stylistically.