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-The Tariff of Abominations, passed by John Quincy Adams, raised the price of tariffs on European goods by 50% in order to raise federal income. -The tariff that was imposed primarily in favor Northern manufactures and the West, while disfavoring Southerners and New England. -Vice President John C. Calhoun thought that the tariff was unconstitutional, and argued for the states to reject laws that seemed unconstitutional. This pushed toward the creation of the Doctrine of Nullification.
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-The Hayne-Webster Debate was between South Carolina Senator Robert Y. Hayne, and Massachusetts Senator Daniel Webster. -The focus of the debates were issues such as the sale of Western public lands, and if the sale of land should be halted until the land on the market was already sold.
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-The Tariff of 1832 was enacted in response to the Tariff of Abominations, to undo the excessively high tariffs imposed from it in a way. -Despite the intentions of the new tariff, it did not ease tensions at it thought it would. Instead, the Southerners still viewed it in favor of the North, and it caused disputes in the South over the rights of states and the authority of the federal government. -Tariffs went from ~50% to ~35% -The Tariff led to the Nullification Crisis in South Carolina.
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-In the Ordinance of Nullification, South Carolina said that certain laws that were being enacted by the federal government were unconstitutional for the rights of states, and they threatened to secede because of it. -Vice President Calhoun was in support of the Ordinance, since he argued against the previous tariffs before South Carolina made the decision. -This Ordinance was almost when the nation was pushed to the point of a civil war.
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-In the Proclamation to the People of South Carolina, Andrew Jackson addressed the Ordinance of Nullification, saying it was a threat to the union of the nation and a violation of the Consitution. -He said that if South Carolina or any state decided they wanted to secede from the United States or resist federal law, it would be treason.
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-The Compromise Tariff of 1833 was proposed by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, and was enacted as by Andrew Jackson as a method to resolve previous tensions with the South and previous tariffs during the Nullification Crisis. -The rate of tariffs was gradually decreased following this compromise tariff, and all sides involved were ultimately satisfied by the end, protecting the Union.
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-The Force Bill gave President Andrew Jackson to use military force to protect federal law and prevent states from going against those laws. -This bill emphasized the superior sovereignty of the federal government over the state governments and their decisions.
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-South Carolina repealed their nullification following the previous compromise tariff that was enacted.