-
-widespread religious revival
-emphasized personal salvation and reform
-inspired social movements (abolitionism, temperance, and women's rights) -
-major economic transformation in the US
-changes in transportation, communication, and production
-connected regional economies
-shifted nation toward commercial capitalism
-began in early 1800s, accelerating after 1815
-transformed US into nationally connected economy
-widened regional differences -
-religious movement
-gained traction in early to mid 1800s
-characterized by passionate preaching and increased church attendance
-leading to social reform movements
-abolition and temperance -
-Federalist Supreme Court chief justice
-served for 34 years, outlasting the Federalist Party's political power
-strengthened the power of the federal government and the supreme court -
-Jefferson's vice president
-killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel
-tried but acquitted for treason for allegedly plotting to create an independent nation in the West -
-Controlled by Spain, transferred to France under Napoleon
-Economic benefits to the US
-Purchased by Jefferson for $15 million after negotiations
-Doubled size of U.S.
-Strengthened Jefferson's popularity
-Weakened Federalist Party -
-established judicial review
-gave Supreme Court power to declare laws unconstitutional
-strengthened federal judiciary's role in checks and balances -
-Planned before Louisiana Purchase, expanded in importance after
-Began in St. Louis, Missouri
-Explore to the pacific coast
-Reached the Oregon coast and returned in 1806
-greater geographic and scientific knowledge of the region
-strengthened U.S. claims to the Oregon territory
improved relations with Native American tribes through diplomacy
-produced more accurate maps (benefited trade and migration) -
-Law passed under Jefferson
-banned all American trade with foreign nations
-protect U.S. ships during Napoleonic wars
-devastated the U.S. economy -
-British warship attacked the U.S. ship
-British ship (Leopard)
-U.S. ship (Chesapeake)
-3 Americans killed, 4 taken captive -
-James Madison won presidency
-Victory represented continued dominance of the Democratic Republican Party -
-reopended trade with all nations, except Britain and France
-ease economic strain caused by Embargo Act
-maintained American neutrality -
-replaced the nonintercourse act
-restored trade with Britain and France
-promised to cut off trade with the enemy of whichever nation first recognized U.S. neutrality
-Napoleon manipulated this policy
-worsened tensions with Britain -
-James Madison asked congress to declare war on Britain
-vote was sectional
-strongest support came from South and West
-New England and Mid Atlantic opposed it -
-growing anger over British impressment of sailors, trade restrictions, and support for Native American resistance pushed Madison and the "War Hawks" in Congress toward declaring war on Britain
-made election a referendum on national honor and expansionism -
-Western population doubled
-opened more land for settlers and farming
-low land prices set by federal government
-improved transportation
-easier migration and trade
-encouraged rapid settlement and economic growth
-increased demand for political representation and infrastructure -
-conflict between U.S. and Britain over trade restrictions, impressment of sailors, and frontier tensions
-War ended in a stalemate
-fostered nationalism
-weakened Native American resistance -
-Britain redirected its full power to North America
-British forces invaded Chesapeake Bay region
-burned Washington DC, White House and capitol
-Americans defended Baltimore -
-signed in December 1814
-ended war with no territorial changes
-both sides agreed to restore prewar boundaries and stop fighting
-issues, impressment, were left unresolved
-war fostered new sense of nationalism
-marked decline of Federalist Party -
-British forces moved into Gulf Coast
-targeted New Orleans
-Andrew Jackson led a diverse force of soldiers, frontiersmen, and free African Americans go major victory
-battle of New Orleans
-battle occurred after peace treaty had been signed due to slow communication -
-meeting of New England federalists
-opposed the war of 1812
-proposed constitutional amendments to limit rebublican power
-seen as unpatriotic
-contributed to the decline of the Federalist Party -
-began with election of James Monroe
-marked by nationalism, unity, and optimism after war of 1812
-democratic republicans dominated politics
-Federalist Party collapsed
-little political opposition
-key national debates divided Americans
-tariffs, national bank, public land sales, and internal improvements
-growing sectional and economic tensions -
-limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes
-each nation allowed only one military vessel on Lake Ontario and lake Champlain
-2 on upper great lakes
-marked first major disarmament agreement in modern world
-helped establish peaceful border between US and British Canada
-set tone for friendly US--British relations -
-proposed to relocate freed African Americans to Africa
-solution to racial tensions in US
-controversial
-abolitionists criticized it for avoiding real issue of ending slavery at home -
-conflict between U.S. forces and seminole tribe in Florida
-Andrew Jackson's invasion led to U.S gaining Florida from Spain -
-established 49th parallel as official boundary between US and British Canada from lake of the woods to Rocky Mountains
-granted joint occupation of Oregon territory for 10 years
-allowed shared fishing rights off coast of Newfoundland and labrador
-demonstrated spirit of compromise
-cooperation between US and Britain
-laid groundwork for westward expansion and future negotiations over oregon -
-supreme court ruling
-upheld constitutionality of national bank
-denied states the power to tax federal institutions
-reinforced federal supremacy -
-prohibited further introduction of slaves into Missouri
-required children of Missouri slaves to be emancipated by age 25
-gradually end slavery was the goal -
-agreement
-between U.S. and Spain
-U.S. acquired Florida
-set boundary between U.S. and Spanish territory in the West -
-due to the second bank of United States
-caused widespread unemployment, bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt
Impact on West:
-severe in western states
-banks foreclosed on farms
-led to loss of land and resentment towards national bank -
-agreement
-admitted Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state
-banned slavery north of 36'30 line
-temporarily eased sectional tensions -
-marked by the construction of canals like the Erie Canal
-expanded trade and connected regional economies -
-social movement
-advocating for reduction or prohibition of alcohol consumption
-gained significant momentum
-addressed social issues linked to alcohol abuse -
-prominent figure
-orchestrated a planned slave uprising in Charleston, South Carolina
-secure freedom for enslaved individuals
-uprising was thwarted
-led to severe repercussions for the black community -
-declared western hemisphere was closed to European colonization
-established U.S. as protector of the Americas and a growing power in foreign affairs -
-Supreme Court case
-only federal government can regulate interstate commerce
-strengthened federal power over the states -
-Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, William H. Crawford, Henry Clay
-Jackson had most popular votes and highest number of electoral votes
-election was decided by House of Representatives under 12th amendment
-house elected John Quincy Adams as president
-ended era of good feeling
-signaled breakdown of single party system
-increased public participation
-highlighted importance of political maneuvering -
-linked western farms to eastern cities
-lowered shipping costs
-boosted New York city's growth as a trade hub -
-6th president
-played key diplomat
-auhtored Monroe doctrine
-negotiated Adams onis treaty
-"corrupt bargain" charge weakened his presidency -
-7th president
-championed "common man"
-expanded executive power
-opposed national bank
-supported Indian removal -
-authorizing president to exchange Native American lands in the southeast for territory west of Mississippi River
-
-founder of Latter Day Saint movement
-recognized for his religious teachings and the introduction of the Book of Mormon
-efforts were part of broader search for spiritual freedom during time of social upheaval -
-philosophical and literary movement
-emphasizing inherent goodness of people and nature
-advocating for self reliance and individual intuition
-key figures (Emerson and Thoreau) -
-enslaved African American led a significant rebellion in VA
-Nat Turner's rebellion
-violent uprising resulted in deaths of approximately 60 white individuals
-intensified national debate over slavery
-led to harsh reprisals against enslaved people -
-Supreme Court case
-georgia laws had no authority over Cherokee lands
-President Jackson ignored decision
-led to trail of tears -
-John C. Calhoun argued states had right to nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional
-centered on tariff of abominations
-placed high taxes on imported manufactured goods
-northern manufacturers supported it
-southern planters opposed it
-South Carolina declared tariff null and void
-Jackson threatened military force
-ended with compromise tariff -
-founded by William Lloyd Garrison
-demanded immediate emancipation and full equality for African Americans
-activism marked beginning of radical abolitionist movement in America -
-issued by Jackson
-required all public land purchases to be made in specie (gold/silver) instead of paper money
-caused sharp drop in land sales and credit contraction
-contributed to panic of 1837 -
-severe economic depression
-followed Jackson's financial policies
-bank war and specie circular led to widespread unemployment and bank failures -
-8th president
-Jackson's ally
-faced panic of 1837
-upheld laissez-faire economic policies -
-forced relocation of Cherokee and other native tribes from the southeast to Indian territory
-
-spanish slave ship
-involved in a notable rebellion where enslaved africans seized control
-led to landmark Supreme Court case regarding their right to freedom of-emphasizing struggle for liberation similar to uprisings of Vesey and Turner -
-inventor of the telegraph and Morse code
-revolutionized long distance communication in the 1840s -
-symbolized shift toward popular campaigning and mass politics
-reflected how common man ideal dominated US political culture during Jacksonian era
-Harrison won, marked first Whig president
-Harrison died one month after taking office -
-formed by abolitionists who sought to end slavery through political and legal action
-reflected growing belief that moral persuasion alone wasn't enough to abolish slavery -
-9th president
-whig candidate
-military hero of Tippecanoe
-died one month after taking office -
-short lived rebellion
-in rhode island
-led by Thomas Dorr
-expanded voting rights to all white man regardless of property ownership -
-U.S.-British treaty
-settled the Maine-Canada boundary
-improving Anglo-American relations -
-Massachusetts Supreme Court decision
-declared labor unions legal
-stikes an acceptable means of protest -
-first women's rights convention
-activists gathered to discuss suffrage and gender equality
-resulted in declaration of sentiments