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- This facilitated western expansion
- The act offered 160 acres of land to settlers if they lived upon it for 5 years
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- Also known as the patrons of husbandry founded by Olivia kelley, which was a social and educational organization for farmers and their families -became politically active
- advocated for regulations of railroads and grain storage rates
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- second national labor nion Under leadership of Terence V. Powderly
- Advocated for these reforms: worker cooperatives to make each man its emplyer, abloish child labor, abolish monoploues and trusts,
peaked 730 k members by 1886
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- Ended tribes as independent nations
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- Farmers in the south ( mostly in Texas) gathered together
- Had more than 4 million members
- They were tied to local problems
- They focused on advocating for farmers behalfs
- They established infrasture to help cooperative buying
- Wanted to attack a concentration of power, bigger leaders in the industry
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Protestant clergy preached social justive
- focused on improving conditions for the (urban) poor
- led by Walter Rauchenbusch
-Worked in poverty stricken neighboorhoods
- Applied christian ethnics to address industrial and orban problems -
- 1st national labor strike
- Was caused by railroad wage cuts
- Federal troops were used to restore order
- This turned to the government siding with businesses
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Supreme court decision that held state power to regulate "businesses affected with a public interest"
- This was directed towards railroads -
Published by Henry George
This was a book that was a best seller
- drew attention to economic inequality
- drew the broader trend of wroters criizing the Gilded age wealth gaps -
- Was caused by the increase in immigrants
- First federal law on one ethnic group
- Ban for 10 years
- Many banks came after the act and they even extended the ban
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- ruled that congress can NOT prohibit racial discrimination by private businesses
- this opened the door for sergartion
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- This restricted the importaion of temporary contract workers
- the law aimed to protect US workers and wages -Part of the larger effects to restrict immigration in the late 1800s
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- Was in Chicago
- A labor rally that turned violent after someone threw a bomb
- The strike led to public fear of labor unions and radicalism
- This weakened the labor movement
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The court decided to limit the states power
This ruled that they could not regulate interstate commernce
- This led to the creation of the interstate commerce commission (ICC) in 1886 -
-States could only regulate only local or short haul rates
-interstate commerence averted to the granger laws that aloud longer rates ( long-haul) -
- the 1st national civil service measure
- required federal jobs to take a competitive exam
- This helped reduced patronage and corruption from the past spoils system
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- This was meant to break up tribes and native organizations
- The US wanted to assimilate the last of the native tribes
- Divded land platts into 160 acres of land
- The US made the natives stay on that land for 25 years
- "adopted the habits of civilized life"
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- Written by Andrew Carnegie
- The book portrayed that the wealthy should have an obligation to use their wealth for the public good -Carnegue donated over 350 million to libraries, universities, and cultural instutions
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The act outlawed contracts, combinations, and conspiracies in restraint of trade.
- This act was very weak and was barely enforced
- The main target was to restrain competition while promating business competition -
It was a meeting of the Farmer's alliances' delegates. They came together to address issues of the rural life. The ridiculed Wall Street businesses and other big corporate businesses for them overpowering the farmers and making their lives much harder to manage. The platform called for reforms such as: the direct election of senators to advocate on behalf of Farmer's, lower tariff taxes, graduated income taxes, and a new federally regulated banking system.
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- The highest protective tariff in US history
- This was to try and protect American manufactorers and workers
- Instead made living much harder especially to farmers and small business owners
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- This act gave grants to schools that would create more schools
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-At the Carnegie steel plant
- Was over wage cuts
- The plant hired Pinkerton guards
- The state military intervened in favor of mananagement (Henry Frick) -
- started in the summer when the stock market crashed -railroads failed after the bankruptcy of overbuilding
- continued for four years unemployment rate reached 20%
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- A strike against railroad car manufactour
- Was over wage cuts and high rent
- Federal troops were sent in
- The site where Eugen V. Debs was arrested
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- "separate but equal", was the doctrine
- The supreme court ruled segregation did not violate the 14th admendment
- led to the increase of Jim crow laws in the south
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- Both had short term and long term effects on US politics marked the end of a stalemate of characterized plitics
- Populist demise: the party started to decline after the lection and soon ended Urban dominance: was a victory after the election for big business, urban centers, conservative economics, and moderate middle class values The new era of modern politics started