PRE HISPANIC CULTURES

By Paulina17_
  • 20,000 BCE

    Solutrean Hypothesis

    Solutrean Hypothesis
    Solutrean Hypothesis Is a controversial theory suggeting Europeans from the Solutrean culture may have crossed the Atlantic about 20.000 - 25.000 years ago based or similarities in stone tools.
  • 16,000 BCE

    Buttermilk Creek

    Buttermilk Creek
    About 15,000 years ago: Buttermilk Creek Complex in Texas. Artifacts suggest human presence before the Clovis.
  • 16,000 BCE

    Coastal migration theory

    Coastal migration theory
    Coastal Migration Theory: Proposes an earlier migration along the Pacific coast by boat 16,000 - 18.000 years ago, supported by sites like Monte Verde in Chile.
  • 15,000 BCE

    Beringia Theory

    Beringia Theory
    Beringia Theory: Suggests migration From siberia to Alaska via a land bridge around 15.000 - 20,000 years ago. Supported by genetic links and archaeological euidence like the cloves culture.
  • 15,000 BCE

    European contacts

    European contacts
    15th - 16th Century: Fourth migration (European contacts). European exploration voyages, such as those of Christopher Columbus, initiate contact with the indigenous peoples of the Americas.
  • 10,000 BCE

    Ice Age

    Ice Age
    The Ice Age refers to a period in Earth's history characterized by significant global cooling, during which large ice sheets and glaciers covered substantial portions of the planet's surface.
  • 4000 BCE

    Stone Age

    Stone Age
    About 10,000- 4000 years ago
    Includes the use of primitive stone tools. Hunter-gatherers developed basic survival skills.
    Transition to a more sedentary lifestyle and the development of more advanced technologies.
    Development of agriculture, domestication of animals, and establishment of permanent settlements.
  • 2500 BCE

    OLMEC

    OLMEC
    • Considered the mother culture of Mesoamerica.
    • Located on the Gulf Coast of Mexico (Veracruz and Tabasco).
    • Famous for its colossal heads, sculptures, and the ballgame.
    • Developed a writing system and a calendar.
  • 2500 BCE

    PRE-CLASSIC PERIOD

    PRE-CLASSIC PERIOD
    • Development of the first civilizations in Mesoamerica.
    • Emergence of agricultural practices and permanent settlements.
    • Early expressions of art and religion.
  • 1500 BCE

    TOTONAC

    TOTONAC
    • Located in the Veracruz region, contemporary with the Olmecs.
    • Famous for their ritual traditions and ceremonies.
    • Known for decorative pottery and sculptures.
  • 1469 BCE

    Moctezuma

    Moctezuma
    The actual founder of the empire was Moctezuma I, who reigned until 1469.
  • 1427 BCE

    Itzcoatl

    Itzcoatl
    The fourth king, Itzcoatl, who governed from 1427 to 1440, made an alliance with other powers and conquered the Tepanecas.
  • 1376 BCE

    Real Monarchy

    Real Monarchy
    By 1376 the Mexicas had a real monarchy, descended, through Culhuacan, from the royal house of the Toltecs.
  • 1325 BCE

    Tenochtitlán

    Tenochtitlán
    In 1325 they moved to a small island which was part of an archipelago in Lake Texcoco and which would eventually become: the city of Tenochtitlan.
  • 1276 BCE

    Mexicas settled in Chapultepec

    Mexicas settled in Chapultepec
    In the 1276 the Mexicas settled in Chapultepec, where they remained for some time until they were defeated in a terrible battle and taken prisoners to Culhuacan.
  • 1199 BCE

    ZAPOTEC

    ZAPOTEC
    • Developed primarily in Monte Albán (Oaxaca).
    • Known for monumental architecture and elaborate tombs.
    • Created their own writing system and calendar.
    • The Zapotec society was hierarchical and had a strong religious system.
  • 1000 BCE

    Polynesian Contact Theory:

    Polynesian Contact Theory:
    Polynesian Contact Theory: Arques that Polynesians may have reached South America around 1000-1,200 years ago, supported by genetic evidence and the presence of sweet potatoes in Polynesia.
  • 250 BCE

    TEOTIHUACAN

    TEOTIHUACAN
    • The city of Teotihuacan was one of the largest urban centers in Mesoamerica.
    • Known for its large pyramids, such as the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon.
    • Developed an extensive trade system and had significant cultural influence over other regions.
  • 200

    CLASSIC PERIOD

    CLASSIC PERIOD
    • Height of major urban and architectural civilizations.
    • Development of writing systems and complex social structures.
    • Expansion of trade and cultural influence.
  • 600

    TOLTEC

    TOLTEC
    • The city of Tula was their capital and an important cultural center.
    • Known for their architecture and influence on the Mexica.
    • Worshipped Quetzalcoatl and had a strong focus on militarism and warfare.
  • 900

    MAYA

    MAYA
    • Spanned southeastern Mexico and parts of Central America (Guatemala, Belize, Honduras).
    • Known for their advanced knowledge in mathematics and astronomy.
    • Developed independent city-states with a hieroglyphic writing system.
  • 900

    MEXICA

    MEXICA
    • Founded the city of Tenochtitlan, which became the capital of their empire.
    • Known for their tribute system and rich cultural and religious life.
    • Their religion included human sacrifices, which were central to their worldview.
  • 1000

    POST-CLASSIC PERIOD

    POST-CLASSIC PERIOD
    • Significant political changes and migrations.
    • Rise of military and trade cultures.
    • Greater emphasis on religion and rituals.
  • 1521

    Hernan Cortez

    Hernan Cortez
    Conquers Tenochtitlán and is appointed governor of New Spain. Begins rebuilding the city as Mexico City.
  • 1522

    Government organization

    Government organization
    Organizes the colonial government, establishes encomiendas, and sends expeditions to new territories.
  • 1524

    Expedition for new territory

    Expedition for new territory
    Leads an expedition to Honduras to suppress rebellions, leaving New Spain under the rule of others.
  • 1526

    Accusations of abuse (Hernan Cortez)

    Accusations of abuse (Hernan Cortez)
    Faces accusations of abuse of power by his rivals.
  • 1528

    Rey Carlos 1

    Rey Carlos 1
    Is removed as governor by order of King Charles I and returns to Spain to defend himself.

  • Lucy

    Lucy
    Lucy was found in Africa (1974), was a female about 20 years old. Lucy was alive 3 million years ago. She was about 4 feet tall and weighed about 50 pounds.