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British Army soldiers killed five civilians and injured six others turned colonial attitude against King George III and British Parliamentary authority
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Cause of American Revolution
a political protest by the Sons of Liberty Colonists believed it violated their rights to "No taxation without representation" -
a meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies It was called in response to the Intolerable Acts, the punishment for the Boston Tea Party
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Cause of American Revolution
response by the British to the Boston Tea Party Colonists viewed the acts as a threat to the liberties of all of British America -
House of Burgesses Speech on March 23, 1775 "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death" Member of the Sons of Liberty
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first military engagements marked the outbreak of open armed conflict
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Begins with the Battle of Lexington and Concord and ends with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. Colonists were frustrated because Britain forced them to pay taxes, yet did not give them any representation in the British Parliament.
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Washington had the prestige, military experience, and charisma of a leader and was known as a strong patriot He led his men against the main British forces, trained the armies and was the embodiment of armed resistance to the Crown
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Effect of American Revolution
Declared the thirteen American colonies as no longer a part of the British Empire Colonists formed the United States of America -
Burgoyne’s second attack met with a fierce American resistance proved to be a major turning point in the Revolutionary War
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Cause of French Revolution
French soldiers returned to France with ideas of individual liberty, popular sovereignty and the notion of republicanism French now saw their King as tyrannical -
Louis was alienated from the new democratic government both by its negative reaction to the traditional role of the monarch The ensuing debt and financial crisis contributed to the unpopularity of the Ancien Régime
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a revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the Third Estate of the Estates-General the National Assembly drafted and instituted the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen"
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Bastille represented royal authority in the center of Paris flashpoint of the French Revolution
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Cause of Haitian Revolution
The success of the French revolt for freedom inspired free and enslaved Haitians to rise up against a system desire for Haitian blacks and multi-racial people to be treated with respect and decency -
an influential period of social and political upheaval in France Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history
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Declaration was directly influenced by Thomas Jefferson It became the basis for a nation of free individuals protected equally by law
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a slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue generally considered the most successful slave rebellion ever to have occurred and as a defining moment in the histories of both Europe and the Americas
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The signal to begin the revolt was given by Dutty Boukman, a high priest of vodou and leader of the Maroon slaves gradually, slaves had taken control of the entire Northern Province in an unprecedented slave revolt
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used political and military tactics to gain dominance over his rivals In 1801 he promoted an autonomist constitution for the colony, with himself as governor for life but had to resign in 1802
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the first major victory by the French Over the next two days the new Convention deputies abolished the monarchy and proclaimed the French Republi
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Effect of French Revolution
lasted from 5 September 1793 to 28 July 1794 a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between rival political factions, the Girondins and the Jacobins -
he overthrew the Directory by a coup d'état Napoleon became "first consul" for ten years
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The encounter gave Vernet time to torch Gonaïves before escaping with his army, to prevent French occupation led by Toussaint Louverture
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marked the first time in the history of mankind that a slave army led a successful revolution for their freedom Jean Jacques Dessalines continued the fight for liberty
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carried out against the remaining white population of French Creoles it took place in the entire territory of Haiti
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Effect of Haitian Revolution)
The act abolished the slave trade in the British Empire, in particular the Atlantic slave trade Many of the Bill's supporters thought the Act would lead to the death of slavery -
Cause of Latin American wars of independence
the arrival sparked the Spanish revolt against French rule men and women who supported the royalist side now joined the insurgents -
the new republics from the beginning abolished the casta system, the Inquisition and nobility, and slavery was ended in all of the new nations Enlightenment thinking and the examples of the Atlantic Revolutions set the stage for wars of independence
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Mexican Catholic priest and a leader of the Mexican War of Independence He gathered an army of nearly 90,000 poor farmers and Mexican civilians who attacked and killed both Spanish Peninsulares and Creole elites
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Led by Miguel Hidalgo a vast, unruly mob of peasants and Indians ready to fight under his rule
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Hidalgo encourage the people of Dolores to revolt against the Spanish marks the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence
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ended the rule of Spain in the territory of New Spain Influencedby the Age of Enlightenment and the liberal revolutions
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marked the end of the first stage of the war the events that followed would lead up to the capture and executions of Hidalgo, Allende, Aldama and Jiménez
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Mexico formally declared itself to be independent of Spain The declaration established the Catholic religion and drafted a Constitution, creating the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government
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Battle of the Chilean War of Independence bought an end to major Spanish operations in Chile
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The Constitution of Cúcuta was drafted in 1821 establishing the republic's capital in Bogotá It included the present day Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador
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The Republica de Gran Colombia was founded in 1819 when Simon Bolivar fought for the independence of Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador from the Spanish he led Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire
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a constitutional convention where Gran Colombia was It's where political institutions of South America replaced the 300 years of Spanish colonial history
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Battle dyring the Peruvian War of Independence secured the independence of Peru and ensured independence for the rest of South America
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Effect of Latin American wars of independence
Many of the new caudillos came from European families that lived in Latin America or Europe Caudillo leadership was authoritarian
