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Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels worked together to the Communist Manifesto. It talked of a classless society without the class conflict from the divide between the Bourgeoisie and Proletariat. Marx claimed that universal education and removal of public property will end inequality. Bourgeoisie - The Upper class with money and power.
Proletariat - The Working class, no say, no money and no necessities.
Class conflict - This is the conflicts and differences between the two classes. -
Tsar Nicholas II was the last emperor of Russia. He began Tsar on November 1st, 1894, after his father died. Four days after he was crowned emperor, the Khodynka Tragedy occurred. The Khodynka Tragedy was when a crowd rush at the Tsar's celebration party happened, killing more than 1,389 people. Tsar Nicholas II was not the best emperor, he was not prepared for Tsar and ignored his people and the needs of Russia.
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On January 22nd, 1905, over 100 people were killed during a peaceful protest. The russian people were protesting for better working conditions and reforms in St. Petersburg, also known as Petrograd. The police shot at the protesters causing the event to be called Bloody Sunday for the blood found on the streets the Sunday they were protesting. The protests were led by a member of a clergy, Father Georgy Gapon.
Clergy - a body of people ordained for religious reasons -
In September of 1905, Russia lost the war against Japan. After the loss, the russian citizens were upset and quickly lost interest in supporting their government.
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Rasputin was a russian mystic, basically a hippie, who was close to the russian royal family, especially the Tsarina, Tsarina Alexandra. Rasputin had a lot of political power and sway Tsarina Alexandra causing the nobles to dislike him. This eventually led to nobles attempting to kill Rasputin and succeeding in december of 1916.
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The Women's Revolution started when thousands of women were protesting for more food at better prices in the capital. During the revolution, the women helped by leading a strike for bread and showing up to protests for days on end. The Tsar responded by sending troops in to end the protest but when he saw how little control he had, Tsar Nicholas II stepped down.
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In April of 1917, Vladimir Lenin arrived in Russia. Vladimir Lenin was a popular political person and a founder of the communist party. In the revolution, Lenin swooped in to influence people after the Tsar stepped down. He promised "Peace, Land, and Bread" to the Russian people. Lenin fulfilled his promise of peace by signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk a year later. He also fulfilled his promise of land by making all private land owned by the public. As much as he tried, famine still spread.
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The goals of the October Revolution included overthrowing the Provisional government, making a government run by Soviets, and implementing communist ideas. The Bolsheviks were the group who liked these ideas and were led by Vladimir Lenin, Mensheviks were opposed.
Bolsheviks - sided with Vladimir Lenin - communist party
Mensheviks - Democratic side that opposed Lenin.
Provisional government - a temporary government the government is created.
Soviet - a person or in support of the Soviet union -
In March of 1918, Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. While signing the treaty for peace, Russia gave up many territories that amounted to almost a quarter of their land. They signed the treaty to get out of WW1 because of the promise of peace and the Russian military starting to show resistance.
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The russian civil war started in 1918 because of rising conflicts between the reds, Bolsheviks, and the whites, a collection of political and military groups opposing the reds. The Red Army wanted control of the creation of a communist Russia, to defend and establish a country following Bolshevik ideology. The White Army wanted to overthrow the Bolsheviks and restore order to Russia. The Red Army, led by Vladimir Lenin with help from Leon Trotsky, won the civil war defeating the White Army.
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War communism was a political and economic system created to centralize the economy supply to the Red Army. War communism's purpose was to help the Red Army stop the White Army and gain back land that Russia had previously lost.
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Once in power, the Bolsheviks experienced opposition. In response, Lenin made the Cheka, a secret police force designed to remove threats to the Bolsheviks and their revolution.
Vladimir Ilich Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin were large figures and leaders during the Red Terror. Regular citizens of Russia were often targeted during this time if they disagreed with Lenin. In July, the Romanovs were executed. I think the Red Terror happened because Lenin wanted control through fear. -
The New Economic Policy was in effect from 1921-1928. This policy changed communism and allowed for very limited capitalism aspects in the economy. This gave people motivation to work harder and boost the economy. Doing this, Lenin got the Russian economy up and going again after the civil war. The NEP also helped improve his image by allowing the people some growth.
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On January 21st, Vladimir Lenin died of a stroke. Shortly after his death, Joseph Stalin came to power. Joseph Stalin was a soviet political figure in communism Russia who became in control of Russia and transformed it into a global superpower.
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While doing this project, I have learned many things about the Russian revolution including how communism in Russia came about, that Russia used to be under Tsar rule, how Vladimir Lenin affected Russia in the revolution, and what they went through to get to where they are today. I think the people of Russia were better off before the revolution because they knew that they were being used and were not brainwashed into thinking communism is great and they are important and have a voice.
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The Russian Revolution teaches us many lessons in the present. One of these lessons is that not everything is as good as it seems. Many people thought communism and a classless society was the best when the people treated are treated horribly in reality. Another lesson is it's not always better on the other side. Many people hated the way things were under Tsar rule but they didn't think of the consequences of following people who seem to have too great of a proposition for the future.