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Father Gregory Gapon led a peaceful march of workers to the Winter Palace in St Petersburg to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II demanding better working conditions and fair wages. Instead of listening, the Tsar’s troops opened fire on the crowd, killing and wounding hundreds, sparking widespread outrage across Russia.
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Issued by Tsar Nicholas II in response to the 1905 Revolution, promising civil liberties, including freedom of speech and assembly, and created a parliament (the Duma) to give people a say in government, aiming to calm growing unrest
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Launched reforms to modernise agriculture, support peasant land ownership, and strengthen the government, while using harsh measures to suppress revolutionary groups and maintain order